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What are two factors that contribute to attraction, according to the lecture?
What is the term used to describe the idea that people are more likely to form connections with those who live or work close to them?
According to the lecture, what percentage of people in a study were close friends, indicating the influence of proximity?
What is a characteristic of physical attractiveness that is often considered appealing?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with attraction, according to the lecture?
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What is a characteristic of facial attractiveness that is often preferred in both men and women?
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What is the Mere Exposure Effect?
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According to the concept of similarity, what facilitates smooth social interactions?
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What is reciprocity in the context of attraction?
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What is NOT a reason why similarity promotes attraction?
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What did Festinger, Schachter & Back's study (1950) investigate?
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What is NOT a characteristic of similarity in the context of attraction?
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What is a characteristic of passionate love?
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What is the primary difference between passionate love and companionate love?
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What is the ratio of positive to negative behaviors in a happy relationship?
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What is a predictor of divorce, according to Gottman's research?
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What is associated with relationship satisfaction?
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What is a characteristic of positive behaviors in relationships?
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What is the correlation between passionate love and relationship length?
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What is the accuracy of Gottman's prediction of divorce based on the presence of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse?
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Study Notes
Social Relationships
- Factors associated with attraction: physical attractiveness, proximity, familiarity, reciprocity, and similarity.
Physical Attractiveness
- Important to both men and women
- Cross-cultural standards of beauty (e.g., averageness)
- Features considered attractive:
- Large eyes
- Small nose
- Small chin
- Prominent cheekbones
- Narrow cheeks
- High eyebrows
- Large pupils
- Big smile
Proximity (Propinquity)
- People are more likely to interact with those who live or work close to them
- The more we see and interact with people, the more we like them
- Examples:
- Festinger, Schachter & Back (1950): 41% of close friends lived in the same building
- Festinger, Schachter & Back (1950): those who had the most friends lived in the same building
Familiarity
- Mere exposure effect: repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction
- Examples:
- Vaughan & Hogg (2018)
- Moreland & Beach (1992)
Reciprocity
- We like those who like us
- We dislike those who dislike us
Similarity
- Similarity draws people together
- Similarity in terms of:
- Opinions, attitudes, and values
- Interpersonal style (e.g., socially skilled)
- Interests and experiences (not necessarily personality characteristics)
Types of Love
- Passionate love:
- Ecstatic
- Physically arousing
- Desire for physical contact
- Great sadness, despair, pain when things are not going well
- Companionate love:
- Intimate, affectionate, caring
- Soul mates
- Commitment to the relationship
Comparing Types of Love
- Passionate love:
- Negatively correlated with relationship length
- Associated with sexuality
- Associated with jealousy
- Correlated with relationship satisfaction
- Correlated with commitment
- Companionate love:
- Not correlated with relationship length
- Associated with sexuality
- No correlation with jealousy
Maintaining Relationships
- Positive behaviors: validating, expressing appreciation, etc.
- Negative behaviors: criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling (Gottman's Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse)
- Ratio of 5:1 for a happy relationship (Gottman & Levenson, 1999)
- Attributions for partner's behavior:
- Internal for positive and external for negative behaviors (in more satisfying relationships)
- External for positive and internal for negative behaviors (in less satisfying relationships)
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Description
This quiz covers attraction, love relationships, and maintaining satisfying relationships, based on lecture 6 of Interpersonal Processes II.
