Lecture 6
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Questions and Answers

What are two factors that contribute to attraction, according to the lecture?

  • Liking and loving
  • Familiarity and proximity (correct)
  • Reciprocity and averageness
  • Physical attractiveness and similarity (correct)
  • What is the term used to describe the idea that people are more likely to form connections with those who live or work close to them?

  • Proximity (correct)
  • Reciprocity
  • Similarity
  • Familiarity
  • According to the lecture, what percentage of people in a study were close friends, indicating the influence of proximity?

  • 41% (correct)
  • 22%
  • 50%
  • 10%
  • What is a characteristic of physical attractiveness that is often considered appealing?

    <p>Averageness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with attraction, according to the lecture?

    <p>Liking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of facial attractiveness that is often preferred in both men and women?

    <p>Large eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Mere Exposure Effect?

    <p>A principle that states repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to that object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the concept of similarity, what facilitates smooth social interactions?

    <p>Similarity in terms of interests and experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is reciprocity in the context of attraction?

    <p>The principle that we like those who like us</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a reason why similarity promotes attraction?

    <p>Similarity leads to conflict and disagreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Festinger, Schachter & Back's study (1950) investigate?

    <p>The concept of familiarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of similarity in the context of attraction?

    <p>Personality characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of passionate love?

    <p>Desire for physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between passionate love and companionate love?

    <p>Passionate love is more intense, while companionate love is more enduring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of positive to negative behaviors in a happy relationship?

    <p>5:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a predictor of divorce, according to Gottman's research?

    <p>The presence of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with relationship satisfaction?

    <p>Both passionate love and companionate love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of positive behaviors in relationships?

    <p>Validation and expression of appreciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correlation between passionate love and relationship length?

    <p>Negative correlation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the accuracy of Gottman's prediction of divorce based on the presence of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse?

    <p>83%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Relationships

    • Factors associated with attraction: physical attractiveness, proximity, familiarity, reciprocity, and similarity.

    Physical Attractiveness

    • Important to both men and women
    • Cross-cultural standards of beauty (e.g., averageness)
    • Features considered attractive:
      • Large eyes
      • Small nose
      • Small chin
      • Prominent cheekbones
      • Narrow cheeks
      • High eyebrows
      • Large pupils
      • Big smile

    Proximity (Propinquity)

    • People are more likely to interact with those who live or work close to them
    • The more we see and interact with people, the more we like them
    • Examples:
      • Festinger, Schachter & Back (1950): 41% of close friends lived in the same building
      • Festinger, Schachter & Back (1950): those who had the most friends lived in the same building

    Familiarity

    • Mere exposure effect: repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction
    • Examples:
      • Vaughan & Hogg (2018)
      • Moreland & Beach (1992)

    Reciprocity

    • We like those who like us
    • We dislike those who dislike us

    Similarity

    • Similarity draws people together
    • Similarity in terms of:
      • Opinions, attitudes, and values
      • Interpersonal style (e.g., socially skilled)
      • Interests and experiences (not necessarily personality characteristics)

    Types of Love

    • Passionate love:
      • Ecstatic
      • Physically arousing
      • Desire for physical contact
      • Great sadness, despair, pain when things are not going well
    • Companionate love:
      • Intimate, affectionate, caring
      • Soul mates
      • Commitment to the relationship

    Comparing Types of Love

    • Passionate love:
      • Negatively correlated with relationship length
      • Associated with sexuality
      • Associated with jealousy
      • Correlated with relationship satisfaction
      • Correlated with commitment
    • Companionate love:
      • Not correlated with relationship length
      • Associated with sexuality
      • No correlation with jealousy

    Maintaining Relationships

    • Positive behaviors: validating, expressing appreciation, etc.
    • Negative behaviors: criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling (Gottman's Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse)
    • Ratio of 5:1 for a happy relationship (Gottman & Levenson, 1999)
    • Attributions for partner's behavior:
      • Internal for positive and external for negative behaviors (in more satisfying relationships)
      • External for positive and internal for negative behaviors (in less satisfying relationships)

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    Related Documents

    Social Psychology Lecture 6 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers attraction, love relationships, and maintaining satisfying relationships, based on lecture 6 of Interpersonal Processes II.

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