Interpersonal Distances and Aggression
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Questions and Answers

Edward Hall mentions four kinds of interpersonal physical distance including __________ distance, which is up to 18 inches.

intimate

The distance maintained when interacting one on one with close friends is known as __________ distance.

personal

Formal interactions typically require a __________ distance of 4 to 10 feet.

social

In a formal setting with many individuals, one would maintain a __________ distance of 10 feet to infinity.

<p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lack of personal space can lead to __________, causing negative reactions in crowded situations.

<p>stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural disasters like __________ and earthquakes are events that humans cannot control.

<p>floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human-caused disasters include wars and industrial accidents like the leakage of __________ gases.

<p>poisonous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epidemic diseases such as __________ are another type of disaster caused by human interactions with nature.

<p>plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bullying a new student to snatch a ______ from him.

<p>chocolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hostile aggression is shown as an expression of ______ towards the target.

<p>anger</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aggressiveness is an inborn tendency among human beings as in ______.

<p>animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aggression could be triggered by a state of ______ activated in certain parts of the brain.

<p>arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The way a child is brought up often influences his/her ______.

<p>aggressiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children whose parents use physical punishment end up becoming more ______.

<p>aggressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aggression is an expression and consequence of ______.

<p>frustration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frustrated persons did demonstrate more aggression than ______ persons.

<p>non-frustrated</p> Signup and view all the answers

A member of a majority group who is prejudiced towards a minority group may show aggressive behavior such as using abusive language or physically assaulting the minority group, which is a case of displaced ______.

<p>aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aggression among human beings is more often a result of ______ than an inborn tendency.

<p>learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Albert Bandura demonstrated the role of ______ in learning aggressive behavior through his experiments.

<p>modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person feels ______ due to insults or threats after watching a violent movie, they are more likely to show aggression.

<p>angry</p> Signup and view all the answers

The availability of ______ has been found to increase the likelihood of aggression in individuals.

<p>weapons</p> Signup and view all the answers

People who have low self-esteem and feel insecure may behave aggressively to boost their ______.

<p>ego</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural factors can teach individuals to be aggressive or ______ depending on their upbringing.

<p>non-aggressive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Creating appropriate situations and attitudes can help to ______ the general problems of growing aggression.

<p>curtail</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parents and teachers should not encourage or reward aggressive behavior in any form, and the use of ______ to bring discipline needs to be changed to being more firm.

<p>punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Opportunities to observe and imitate aggressive behavior models should be reduced drastically, portraying aggression as ______ behavior should be avoided.

<p>heroic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social injustice and ______ must be alienated in order to reduce frustration causing situations.

<p>poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is important to inculcate a positive attitude towards ______ as our cultural values have always favored peace.

<p>peace</p> Signup and view all the answers

The definition of 'Health' by the World Health Organization (WHO) includes biological, psychological, social, and ______ aspects of life.

<p>spiritual</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychologists point out various factors such as health-related cognition including attitudes, beliefs, behavior, and social factors related to physical ______.

<p>wellbeing</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person's perception of ______ and their willingness to seek help greatly influences their health outcomes.

<p>pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychologists have found strong evidence of effects of ______ on our health.

<p>behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

Many physical and psychological disturbances are due to our disturbed expressions of ______.

<p>feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

Unsafe sexual behavior is one of the habits that can contribute to incidences of ______ diseases.

<p>Coronary heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new branch called ______ Medicine seeks to alleviate stress-related disease.

<p>Behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cultural norms associated with roles, gender, and values can lead to various health ______.

<p>issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

The psychological impact of television on humans can be both ______ and negative.

<p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

When people watch television continuously, it creates dullness of mind and reduces ______.

<p>concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children's ability to concentrate on one activity reduces due to excessive ______ time.

<p>screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Research studies indicate that many children are vulnerable to the impact of ______.

<p>television</p> Signup and view all the answers

People living in deserts or hilly regions often face harsh climates and end up being ______.

<p>poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economic, social, and political factors can lead to ______ due to discrimination.

<p>poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

The 'culture of ______' convinces individuals to accept poverty as a way of life.

<p>Poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

The poverty cycle often begins with low income and leads to ______ opportunities.

<p>low</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rapid growth of population in developing countries creates a ______ effect as people move to urban areas.

<p>demographic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Providing financial relief and medical facilities helps to break the ______ cycle.

<p>poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Education and employment opportunities help the poor discover their abilities and reduce ______.

<p>crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

To improve their living conditions, measures should be taken to enhance physical and mental ______.

<p>health</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Hostile Aggression

Aggression fueled by anger and aimed at hurting someone, even without any personal gain. Example: A criminal assaults someone for informing the police.

Inborn Tendency of Aggression

The idea that humans are naturally aggressive, similar to animals who defend themselves.

Physiological Mechanism of Aggression

Aggression triggered by physiological states, like feeling crowded or hot, which activate specific brain regions linked to emotions.

Child Rearing and Aggression

The influence of parenting styles on a child's aggressive behavior. Children raised with physical punishment are more likely to be aggressive.

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Frustration and Aggression

A feeling of frustration arises when you're blocked from achieving a goal, leading to aggressive behavior. Example: A child who is prevented from getting a toy might lash out.

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Frustration-Aggression Theory

The theory that frustration directly causes aggression. In experiments, frustrated individuals showed more aggression than those who were not frustrated.

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Displacement Aggression

Shifting aggressive behavior towards a weaker target who is less likely to retaliate. Example: Someone frustrated at work might yell at their spouse.

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Instrumental Aggression

A more frequent form of aggression, aiming to get something you want. Example: Taking someone's toy to play with.

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Learned aggression

The idea that aggression is learned through observation and reinforcement. This means that we can pick up aggressive behavior by watching others or by being rewarded for it.

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Personality and aggression

A person's tendency to be aggressive, regardless of the situation. This can include factors like temperament, self-esteem, and personality.

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Weapons effect

The idea that the availability of weapons can increase the likelihood of aggressive behavior.

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Frustration-aggression hypothesis

A theory that suggests frustration can lead to aggression. However, not all frustration leads to aggression, and other situational factors play a role.

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Modeling of aggression

The idea that aggression can be learned through observation and imitation.

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Cultural influence on aggression

Cultural norms and values that either encourage or discourage aggressive behavior. This can influence how people learn and behave.

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Strategies to reduce aggression

Strategies to reduce aggression are designed to create situations and attitudes that discourage aggressive behavior.

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Anger provoking actions and aggression

The idea that people may behave aggressively when provoked by others, such as through insults, threats, or physical aggression.

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Disease Attributed To God's Anger

The belief that a disease is caused by God's anger, for example, smallpox, and that it can be cured through religious means.

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Health-Related Cognition

The level of knowledge and awareness about a disease, including its causes, symptoms, and potential treatments.

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Perception Of Pain

The tendency of people to have different reactions to pain, seeking help, and navigating medical care.

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Behavior And Health

The impact of an individual's lifestyle, habits, and choices on their overall health and well-being.

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Holistic Health

The concept that health encompasses not just physical well-being but also mental, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects.

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Equality And Non-Discrimination

The practice of treating everyone equally and fairly, without discrimination based on factors like race, gender, or social status.

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Social Determinants Of Health

The collective influence of societal factors, such as economic conditions, access to healthcare, and social support systems, on the health of individuals and populations.

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Aggressive Behavior

The use of force or aggression to achieve a goal, often resulting in harm to others.

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Behaviour Medicine

A field of medicine that uses psychological principles to prevent and treat illness.

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Disturbed Expressions of Feelings

Unhealthy habits, like smoking, drug abuse, excessive alcohol consumption, and unsafe sexual behaviour, that contribute to physical and mental health issues.

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Cultural Differences in Emotional Expression

The effect of culture on how we express emotions and potentially how we cope with stress.

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Cultural Norms and Health Issues

How societal norms influence our health based on roles, gender, and values.

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Positive Effects of Television

The positive impact of television, including global communication, easy access to information, and the power to influence behaviour.

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Negative Effects of Television

The negative side of television usage, including potential addiction, decreased concentration, reduced social interaction, and increased sedentary behaviour.

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Impact of TV on Children's Concentration

The reduced ability of children to focus and be creative due to excessive television viewing.

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TV and Children's Activities

Watching too much television can lead to less time for reading, outdoor activities, and social interaction.

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Personal Space

The distance we prefer to keep between ourselves and others in different social situations.

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Social Distance

The distance maintained in formal interactions, such as a business meeting.

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Intimate Distance

The distance used when talking privately or with close friends, creating a sense of intimacy.

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Public Distance

The distance maintained in public settings where there are many people, like a concert or a lecture.

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Crowding

The uncomfortable feeling of being crowded and losing personal space, often leading to stress and negative emotions.

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Natural Disasters

Stressful events caused by natural forces, like earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes.

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Human-Made Disasters

Disasters caused by human actions, such as wars, industrial accidents, and outbreaks of infectious diseases.

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Proxemics

The study of how people use and perceive space, particularly in social interactions.

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Poverty in Harsh Environments

The idea that people living in challenging environments with limited resources are more likely to remain poor due to factors like lack of opportunities, discrimination, and limited access to basic necessities.

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Culture of Poverty

This refers to a belief system that suggests poverty is a way of life, passed down through generations. It assumes that the poor lack the motivation, skills, or values needed to escape poverty.

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Poverty Cycle

A repeating pattern of low income, lack of resources, poor health and nutrition, limited education and skills, resulting in low employment opportunities, trapping individuals in poverty.

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Demographic Effect of Poverty

This refers to the rapid movement of individuals from rural areas to urban centers in search of jobs and better living conditions. This migration often leads to challenges like overcrowding, limited access to resources, and environmental strain.

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Financial Relief & Medical Facilities

Financial assistance, healthcare services, and education programs implemented to help individuals and families break the poverty cycle and become self-sufficient.

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Education & Employment Opportunities

Empowering the poor by providing them with opportunities to develop skills, gain employment, and contribute to society. This helps them gain a sense of control and self-worth.

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Improving Physical & Mental Health

Addressing health issues through awareness programs and access to healthcare services as a way to improve overall well-being and reduce poverty.

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Poverty Alleviation Measures

The combined efforts of government agencies, organizations, and individuals to actively and earnestly target and eliminate poverty.

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Study Notes

Psychology and Life

  • Psychology's meaning has changed significantly over the last 50 years, adapting to modern lifestyles.
  • Environmental psychology studies the interplay between humans and their surroundings, including natural environments.
  • Ecology directly examines the relationship between environments and their impact on inhabitants.
  • This field considers influences of environment on behavior and society, finding solutions in community-level approaches.
  • Environmental concerns, stress, noise, pollution, and crowding are examined.
  • Consequences of social issues like aggression, violence, health, poverty, and discrimination are also analyzed, encompassing the impact of factors like television.
  • Understanding these issues can inform pro-environmental behaviors, minimize violence and discrimination, and promote health.

Human - Environment Relationship

  • The relationship between humans and their environment plays a crucial role in daily life.
  • Environmental psychology examines the interaction between human behavior and their environment, considering various aspects.
  • This includes natural environments such as forests, rivers, and landscapes and constructed environments like cities.
  • Environmental design and planning reflect human-environment relations, including architectural aspects, urban planning views, influence of design on social interaction, and human control of nature.
  • Humans impact the environment, leading to pollution, deforestation, and climate change.

Environmental and Human Behavior

  • The psychological effects of environmental factors and human behaviors are crucial.
  • Environmental factors, including noise, pollution, crowding, and natural disasters lead to psychological stress.
  • This stress can manifest in various psychological problems such as stress, anxiety and even depression.
  • Natural disasters have an impact on people's behavior, including psychological changes.
  • Humans are the source of many environmental problems, including air, water, and land pollution.
  • These problems can have negative impacts on physical and mental health.

Noise

  • Noise, a sound annoying or irritating, can have negative effects on mental activity.
  • Intensity, predictability, and controllability affect the impacts of noise on performance.
  • Constant unpredictable noise is more disturbing than continuous noise.
  • Noise affects performance and can lead to reduced concentration, work productivity, and a decline in cognitive skills.

Pollution

  • Environmental pollution, including water, air, and soil pollution, has severe psychological effects, causing stress and decreased well-being.
  • Littered areas have psychological negative impacts on humans

Crowding

  • Crowding is the feeling of discomfort due to too many people or things.
  • It reduces personal space and privacy.
  • Crowding has negative impacts on social interaction.
  • Crowding tolerance relates to the ability to tolerate high-density environments.
  • Competition tolerance is the ability to compete for resources in crowded situations.
  • Cultural values influence the experience and reaction to crowding.

Aggression and Violence

  • Aggression is behavior intended to cause harm, while violence often involves the intention of causing injury, often involving damage, destruction, or abuse.
  • Aggression's causes include frustration, observational learning, physiological factors, and cultural influences.
  • Techniques utilized to reduce aggression include parental guidance, modifying behavioral responses towards non-aggressive outcomes, and adapting to stressful events via supportive coping mechanisms.

Health

  • Health encompasses biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects.
  • Psychological factors affect how individuals perceive, react to, and cope with illness.
  • Cognitive factors (attitudes and beliefs regarding health) affect how people approach health concerns.

Television

  • Television's use for communication, information, and awareness.
  • Negative effects of excessive screen time include aggression and reduction of concentration.

Poverty

  • Poverty is a condition characterized by a lack of basic necessities (food, clothing, and shelter).
  • Poverty and discrimination are linked to social disadvantages and can negatively impact health, education, and economic well-being.

Natural Disasters

  • Natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, etc.) cause immediate and long-term stress that impacts people's mental health.
  • Immediate psychological responses to natural disasters and subsequent long-term stress and consequences have negative implications for people's well-being and overall health.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of interpersonal physical distances as defined by Edward Hall, including intimate, personal, social, and public distances. It also covers topics related to aggression and disasters, both natural and human-caused. Test your understanding of these important social dynamics.

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