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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of attraction?
Which of the following is NOT considered a situational factor influencing attraction?
What does the Matching Hypothesis suggest about interpersonal attraction?
Which concept explains that individuals are more likely to form relationships with those who are geographically close?
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Which component is NOT part of the attraction definition according to its core elements?
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What is meant by the term 'Need for Affiliation'?
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How does arousal relate to interpersonal attraction?
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In the context of attraction, what role does mortality salience play?
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Which factor contributes to interpersonal attraction by suggesting that people tend to be attracted to those with whom they share similarities?
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Which factor implies that being physically close to someone increases the likelihood of attraction?
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What is the concept that describes the tendency to engage more favorably with individuals who reciprocate their feelings?
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How does scarcity influence interpersonal attraction?
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Which component of attraction focuses on emotional responses towards others?
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Which term describes the physiological arousal that can enhance feelings of attraction and is examined in studies like the Bridge Study?
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What aspect of attraction relates to the psychological need to belong and connect with social groups?
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Which hypothesis suggests that individuals tend to select partners similar to themselves in various attributes?
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What role does the concept of 'propinquity' play in interpersonal attraction?
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Which situational factor suggests that individuals may perceive an increase in attraction due to the heightened state of arousal in a stressful situation?
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Study Notes
Interpersonal Attraction
- Interpersonal Attraction is the mutual interest and liking between two or more individuals.
- Attraction involves behavioral, cognitive and affective components.
- Key factors influencing attraction:
- Situational/Other-Person (Context)
- Person (Individual Differences)
Situational/Other-Person Factors
- Propinquity Effect (Proximity): The more we interact with someone, the more likely we are to be attracted to them.
- Similarity: We are more likely to be attracted to people who are similar to us.
- Reciprocity: We are more likely to be attracted to people who like us back.
- Scarcity: People or things that are rare or difficult to obtain are often seen as more desirable.
- Symmetry: People with symmetrical faces are often perceived as more attractive.
- Arousal - Physiological: Arousal can be misattributed to attraction.
The Bridge Study (Dutton & Aron, 1974)
- Participants were more likely to be attracted to a female research assistant after crossing a rickety bridge compared to a safe bridge.
- This is likely due to the misattribution of arousal from the bridge to the research assistant.
Need for Affiliation
- The level of desire to belong to and feel connected to social groups.
- Mortality Salience can impact the need for affiliation.
Romantic Desire
- Kellerman, Lewis, and Laird (1989) argue that romantic desire cannot be predicted by a simple combination of traits and preferences, but rather involves complex dynamic processes.
- Their analogy is that romantic desire is similar to an earthquake, requiring more scientific investigation to fully understand and predict.
- A suggestion to influence attraction is to simply stare at the person.
Interpersonal Attraction
- Attraction is mutual interest and liking between two or more individuals.
- Components of attraction include:
- Behavioral
- Cognitive
- Affective
Influences on Attraction
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Situational/Other-Person Factors
-
Propinquity Effect (Proximity)
- Exposure to a person increases familiarity, which leads to attraction.
-
Similarity
- People are attracted to those similar to them in values, interests, and beliefs.
- Matching Hypothesis Individuals seek out partners who are similar to them in attractiveness.
-
Reciprocity
- Attraction is increased when someone likes us back.
-
Scarcity
- Things that are rare or difficult to obtain are often more desirable.
-
Symmetry
- Facial symmetry is often seen as a sign of attractiveness.
-
Arousal - Physiological
- Physiological arousal can be misattributed to attraction.
- The Bridge Study (Dutton & Aron, 1974) Men who crossed a shaky bridge were more likely to find the female interviewer attractive, suggesting arousal from fear was mistaken for attraction.
-
Propinquity Effect (Proximity)
-
Person Factors
-
Need for Affiliation: The level of desire to belong to and feel connected to social groups.
- Impact of Mortality Salience: When people are reminded of their mortality, they may experience a heightened need for affiliation.
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Need for Affiliation: The level of desire to belong to and feel connected to social groups.
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Description
Explore the fascinating dynamics of interpersonal attraction, including the key factors that influence how we form connections with others. Understand the behavioral, cognitive, and affective components involved, as well as specific concepts like the Propinquity Effect and Reciprocity. This quiz also examines the landmark Bridge Study by Dutton & Aron that highlights how context influences attraction.
