Internet vs. World Wide Web Quiz

Computer Applications (Code 165) - Class X

• Course covers networking, the internet, the World Wide Web, web servers, web clients, web sites, web pages, blogs, news groups, HTML, e-mail, downloading/uploading files, internet protocols (TCP/IP), FTP, SCP, Telnet, web services, commonly used types of chat, video conferencing, e-learning, e-banking, e-shopping, e-reservation, e-governance, and e-groups.

Unit I: Networking (15 marks)

• The internet is a large network of interconnected smaller networks.
• These networks link thousands of computers to share information and resources.
• Examples include supercomputers and databases.
• The internet is a decentralized system.
• Each connected user can communicate with anyone else on the internet.
• The World Wide Web (WWW) is a set of programs, standards, and protocols that allows for the creation, display, and linking of multimedia and hypertext files on the internet.
• Prior to WWW, the internet primarily focused on sharing textual information.
• WWW significantly boosted internet popularity due to its multimedia capabilities.
• WWW was proposed between 1989 and 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee.
• HTML and a text browser were developed in 1990, making WWW a reality.
• WWW is a part of the internet – the container, while the internet itself is the larger structure.
• The internet is a collection of computers or networking devices, while WWW is a collection of documents linked by hyperlinks.

Web Servers

• Web servers store web documents and respond to requests from web browsers.
• They're also called WWW servers.
• Examples include Apache, IIS, and NetSite.
• A client (e.g., a web browser) requests a resource from a web server.
• The server fulfills the request and sends the resource back to the client.

Web Clients

• Web clients (e.g., web browsers) request and use services provided by web servers.
• They are software programs that request and display documents/information from the web servers.
• Example: Web browsers.

Web Sites

• A website is a group of related web pages on a web server.
• They share a common interface and design using HTML.
• Websites also include various digital assets like images and videos.
• The key components of websites include webhost, address/URL, homepage, design, content, navigation.

Web Hosts

• Hosting is where a website is located physically.
• A group of linked webpages becomes a website only when hosted on a web server.

Web Addresses / URLs

• A web address (also called a URL) uniquely identifies a website.
• A URL has a format like type://address/path.
• "type" specifies the protocol or server type (e.g., http, https).
• "address" is the address of the server.
• "path" specifies the location of a file on the server.
• Examples include https://ssimphal.nic.in/photos.htm, ftp://ftp.prenhall.com, http://www.yahoo.com.

Web Pages

• A webpage is a digital document linked to the WWW for viewing by anyone using a browser.
• Key components include content (hypertext, hyperlinks) and structure (page title, header, body, navigation links, footer).

Internet Protocols (TCP/IP)

• Internet protocol is a system of rules defining how data transmission and communications happen between devices.
• TCP/IP is a set of protocols that connects network devices on the internet.
• TCP/IP is also used in private networks like intranets and extranets.
• TCP/IP specifies data exchange over the internet, breaking data into packets, addressing them, transmitting, routing, and receiving them at destinations.
• TCP/IP ensures network reliability (recovers automaticallly from device failures.
• TCP/IP protocols include HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP.

Blogs

• Blogs are a form of website that acts as a diary or journal on the web.
• Bloggers create and maintain blogs, and the art of writing a blog is called blogging.
• Bloggers provide links to other websites.
• Millions of blogs exist today, maintained by individuals, companies, or organizations.
• Different blog types include personal blogs, news and views blogs, company blogs, and micro-blogs.

News Groups (Forums)

• A news group/forum functions like a community bulletin board.
• Users can post messages, reply, or read messages.
• Groups of related messages are called threads.
• These can be subscribed to.
• Usenet is a similar term to news group/forum.

HTML

• HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language invented in the 1990s by Tim Berners-Lee.
• It is used to create webpages and uses special symbols/instructions to define format, style, and structure for them.
• Each tag defines the different elements of a webpage and is important for styling the website correctly.

E-mail

• E-mail addresses have a format like username@hostname.
• The "username" cannot have blank spaces.
• "Hostname" (domain) identifies the server/network servicing the email.
• An email account on an ISP server is usually paid, unlike web-based email accounts.
• Email messages have sections like From, To, CC, BCC, Subject, Body, Attachment, Date, and Message-ID.

Downloading/Uploading Files

• Receiving data from a remote system is called downloading.
• A download is a file received using email, FTP, or web servers.
• Uploading files (sending local files to a remote site) uses protocols like FTP to transfer large data/files.

Video Conferencing

• A live video-based meeting between people in different locations, using devices with video capabilities.
• Helpful in many sectors such as education, business, and more.
• Very cost efficient.

E-Learning

• A learning system using electronic resources.
• Accessible via devices (computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone).

E-Banking

• A system enabling financial transactions over the internet.
• Customers can conduct different banking procedures online, like personal transactions, or inquiries.

E-Shopping

• Selling/purchasing products over internet platforms.
• Benefits include anytime, anywhere, and any device access, and detailed product information.
• Disadvantages include lack of personal touch, delivery delays, potential security risks, and possible discrepancies in product visuals.

E-Reservation

• The process of booking tickets, hotel rooms, or other services online.
• Benefits include convenience, time-saving, access to information, and multiple payment options.
• Disadvantages include potential technical issues, security concerns, fewer options, and additional fees.

E-Governance

• Applying electronic means to governance to fulfill common man's needs affordably and swiftly.
• Services involve interacting with government entities and/or organizations with online systems.
• Includes the application of electronic means in internal government operations.
• Examples include the National e-governance Plan

E-Groups

• Online communities for people sharing common interests, engaging in discussions, and coordinating online.
• Popular e-groups include groups on Yahoo and Google.
• E-groups involve threaded conversations or responses to messages.

Social Networking

• Using internet-based social media programs to connect with people.
• Social-networking platforms offer venues to share activities, interests, and connect with classmates, family, customers, and colleagues.
• Popular social networks include Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Twitter, etc.
• Merits/benefits include ease of connection, discussion, information gathering.
• Demerits/disadvantages include misuse of data, credibility issues, and potential dangers from fake profiles, or irresponsible behaviors.

Mobile Technologies

• The popularity of mobile devices stems from affordable technology advancements in communication.
• Key features include SMS (Short Message Service) and MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service).