Internet, Programming & Indian History

• These notes cover key terms and definitions related to the Internet, LOGO programming, and Indian history.

Internet Terms

• The Internet is a global network facilitating computer connections worldwide.
• A homepage serves as the initial page of a website.
• Online chatting allows real-time text communication over the Internet.
• Wireless technology connects devices to the Internet using radio waves.
• An E-ticket is a paperless electronic document for ticketing purposes.
• An Internet Service Provider (ISP) exchanges internet traffic at exchange points.
• A server is a computer that delivers services on the Internet.
• Internet Explorer, launched in 1995, is a web browser.
• Firefox is a web browser developed by Mozilla Corporation.
• E-mail, or electronic mail, was developed by Ray Tomlinson.
• Dial-up connections require a phone connection for Internet access.
• Blind Carbon Copy (BCC) is an email feature for undisclosed recipients.
• Video messaging involves sending video content over the Internet.
• A web browser is a program used to find and display web pages.
• The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents.
• The outbox holds outgoing emails until they are sent.
• Instant messaging enables real-time text communication over the Internet.
• Netiquette refers to rules for proper Internet communication.
• Video conferencing is audio and video communication over distances.
• E-banking provides online banking services to customers.
• Web feeds provide updates on new content from websites.
• Social networking websites are platforms for online social interactions.
• E-learning advantages include flexibility and accommodation of learning styles.
• Online reservation reduces booking costs by eliminating paper documents.
• A search engine helps locate websites or information online.
• Yahoo is a web search engine.
• Google is a global search engine.
• Online shopping advantages are convenience, doorstep delivery, and easy payment options.
• Online shopping disadvantages include the inability to touch items, limited warranties, and security issues.
• Internet safety rules are guidelines to protect personal information online.
• Username security involves carefully managing usernames to avoid breaches.
• Password complexity involves using alphanumeric and special characters for security.
• You have legal liability for published content.
• Published articles may be archived by search engines.
• An antivirus program is software to protect against malware and viruses.
• Health risks of gaming include negative effects on health and study routines due to excessive gaming.

LOGO Programming Language

• LOGO, developed by Seymour Papert, is a programming language for educational purposes.
• SETPENWIDTH sets the width of the drawing pen in LOGO.
• PENUP allows drawing of invisible lines in LOGO.
• HOME returns the turtle to its starting position.
• The turtle can move in eight directions.
• CLEARSCREEN clears the drawing area in LOGO.
• PC sets the pen color in LOGO.
• REPEAT repeats a set of commands a specified number of times.
• SETFONT sets the font size for text output.
• HIDETURTLE hides the turtle from the drawing area.
• CLEAN clears the drawing without moving the turtle.
• SETPENCOLOR sets the color of the turtle's pen.
• FD moves the turtle forward by specified units.
• RT turns the turtle right by specified degrees.
• LT turns the turtle left by specified degrees.
• PU lifts the pen up, so no drawing occurs.
• PD puts the pen down, so drawing occurs.
• HT hides the turtle from the screen.
• CS clears the drawing from the main screen.
• CT clears text from the command window.
• PR prints text or numbers in the Recall Text Box.
• SETPENSIZE sets the size of the turtle's pen.
• PE sets the pen in erase mode.
• CLEARSCREEN erases everything on the screen.
• PENERASE means the turtle erases lines while moving.
• Drawing a rectangle requires specific commands.

Indian History

• The Swadeshi Movement promoted indigenous goods and boycotted British products.
• The Partition of Bengal divided Bengal to weaken Indian nationalism.
• Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and led independence efforts.
• Social reformers fought against social evils like sati and child marriage.
• The Indian National Congress, formed in 1885, promoted Indian interests.
• Revolutionaries used armed resistance against British colonial rule.
• Raja Rammohun Roy pioneered social reforms in 19th century India.
• Lokmanya Tilak started the newspaper Kesari to promote nationalism.
• Assertion and Reason is a method used to evaluate statements in historical context.
• Swami Dayanand promoted women's education and eradicated untouchability.
• Vedic principles served as a philosophical basis for worshipping one God.
• Caste discrimination, a social hierarchy based on birth, was challenged by Dayanand.
• Child marriage is a social evil opposed by Swami Dayanand.
• Lokmanya Tilak was a key figure in inspiring Indian nationalism.
• Swaraj means self-rule and was Tilak's rallying slogan.
• Kesari was a newspaper started by Tilak for nationalist ideas.
• The Ganpati festival was an event organized by Tilak to unite Indians.
• The Shivaji festival was a cultural event used by Tilak for nationalism.
• World War I strained British-Indian relations due to unmet reforms.
• The Rowlatt Act was a repressive law leading to Indian resentment post-war.
• The Indian National Congress was a political party uniting Indians for independence.
• Moderates were INC leaders advocating peaceful reform methods.
• Radicals were INC leaders promoting protests and boycotts.
• Dadabhai Naoroji was a moderate leader advocating self-rule through laws.
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a moderate leader focused on gradual reforms.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a radical leader demanding aggressive resistance against the British.
• Bipin Chandra Pal was a radical leader promoting Indian-made products.
• Lala Lajpat Rai was a radical leader involved in protests against the British.
• Bhagat Singh was a revolutionary who inspired freedom through bold actions.
• The Lahore Conspiracy Case led to Bhagat Singh's execution.
• March 23, 1931, is the date Bhagat Singh was hanged by the British.
• Champaran Satyagraha was Gandhi's first major protest against British oppression.
• The Non-Cooperation Movement was Gandhi's campaign against British rule post-1919.
• Assertion (A) is a statement that is claimed to be true.
• Reason (R) is an explanation supporting the assertion's validity.
• The Salt March was Gandhi's 1930 protest against British salt tax.
• British taxation involved heavy taxes imposed on essential commodities.
• World War II was a global conflict from 1939 to 1945.