Internet of Things - Sensors Connectivity and Network

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Questions and Answers

What type of devices are required to support the second layer in the IoT architecture according to the text?

Radio communication modules, micro controllers, signal processing units

Smartphones, tablets, laptops

Bluetooth, wireless access points, gateways

Routers, hubs, switches (correct)

What is one of the properties of the second layer in the IoT architecture as mentioned in the text?

Relies on Bluetooth connections

Does not need any additional hardware

Must support massive volumes of IoT data (correct)

Requires smartphones for performance

What network model quality of service requirement is mentioned in the text for the second layer of IoT?

Intermittent connectivity & high data loss

High latency & high error probability

No security protocols

Low latency & low error probability (correct)

Which components are needed to form gateways in the second layer according to the text?

Radio communication modules, micro controllers, signal processing units Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises with scalability in some networks as discussed in the text?

They may not work well when they become 10 times larger Signup and view all the answers

Which devices or technologies are essential for collecting and aggregating data in gateways according to the text?

Access points, micro controllers, routers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sensors connectivity and network layer in the Internet of Things (IoT)?

To provide a means for sensors, actuators, and tags to transmit and receive data over various networks. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a networking technology used in the sensors connectivity and network layer of IoT?

5G Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical range of a wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) in the IoT context?

5 to 10 meters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sensor or actuator mentioned in the text?

Humidity sensor Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tags, such as RFID and barcodes, in the Internet of Things?

To provide a means of identifying and tracking objects or assets. Signup and view all the answers

If an IoT sensor does not have access to a LAN or PAN gateway, how can it connect to the internet according to the text?

Through a Wide Area Network (WAN) interface, such as a mobile communication network Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a Local Area Network (LAN)?

Limited to a relatively small area Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

To enable communication between devices in close proximity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an actuator in the Internet of Things (IoT)?

A motor that opens a garage door Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of tags in the IoT?

To identify and track objects or assets Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

Spans a large geographic area Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sensors in the IoT?

To detect and measure physical properties Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The First Layer: Sensors Connectivity and Network

The first layer includes networking technologies such as LAN (Local Area Network) and PAN (Personal Area Network).
LAN has two types: wired (Ethernet) and wireless (Wi-Fi) with a service range of around 30 meters.
PAN has a range of 5 to 10 meters and includes technologies such as UWB (Ultra-Wideband), ZigBee, Bluetooth, and 6LoWPAN.
This layer also includes sensors and actuators such as motors, GPS, photoelectric sensors, and healthcare monitoring sensors.
Other types of sensors include environmental sensors, military sensors, body sensors, home sensors, and surveillance sensors.
Tags such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and Barcode (1D and 2D) are also part of this layer.
Sensors and actuators can be directly connected to the internet through a WAN (Wide Area Network) interface if no LAN or PAN gateway is available.

The Second Layer: Gateway and Network

This layer requires routers, hubs, switches, and other hardware technologies to form gateways that collect and aggregate data.
Properties of this layer include:
- Supporting massive volumes of IoT data produced by wireless sensors and smart devices.
- Robust and reliable performance with low latency and low error probability.
- High throughput and energy efficiency.
- High level of security and scalability.

The Third Layer: Management Services

This layer is responsible for information analysis, security control, process modeling, and device management.
It also includes billing support systems (BSS) for billing reporting and data management.
Information access, integration, and control are based on the type of business.
Examples of information flow include:
- Periodic IoT sensor data requiring filtering.
- Aperiodic event-triggered IoT sensor data requiring immediate delivery and response.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the first layer of Internet of Things (IoT) focusing on Sensors connectivity and network technologies such as LAN (Local Area Network) with Wi-Fi and Ethernet. Explore how sensors connect and communicate within IoT systems.