Internet of Things and Integration Models

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Web Services Description Language (WSDL)?

To describe the available services and how to connect to them (correct)

To serve as a protocol for sending messages between applications

To provide a listing of all web services in a network

To encode data for transmission over the internet

Which of the following protocols is NOT commonly associated with web services?

SOAP

REST

HTML (correct)

SMTP

In the context of web services, what does REST stand for?

Representational State Transfer (correct)

Representation Service Transfer

Remote Execution State Transfer

Resource Efficient State Transfer

Which data format is primarily used by Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)?

XML (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) in web services?

To provide a means for enabling service discovery (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the message passing process?

Create (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of middleware primarily supports synchronous communications between distributed objects?

Object-oriented middleware (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does middleware provide to application developers?

Standard high level interface (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which architecture is NOT identified as an integrative architecture?

REST (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'message-oriented middleware' imply?

It facilitates reliable, asynchronous communications. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol?

To facilitate communication between processes on different workstations. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does middleware play in application integration?

It mediates communication between different applications. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Who defines and maintains the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)?

Object Management Group (OMG) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Internet of Things (IoT)?

To connect and exchange data between devices and systems over the internet. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'Integrative Programming'?

Connecting different components of IT infrastructure for collaboration. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Application Integration' primarily facilitate?

Unlimited sharing of data among connected applications. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of inter-system communication?

Facilitating communication between integrated, heterogeneous systems. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constitutes 'System Integration'?

Connecting two or more systems that function properly on their own. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of modification in software integration?

To decompose and integrate existing systems for adjustment. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Integration Model define?

The nature and mechanisms for integrating applications. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'Incremental Engineering' in software development?

Using available technologies to develop software with less initial functionality. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the presentation integration model?

To allow the integration of new software with legacy software presentations. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which challenge is associated with network unreliability in integration solutions?

Data must be transported from one computer to another over unstable connections. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the data integration model?

To provide access to data for reuse or synchronization across applications. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which integration method allows applications to produce files for other applications to consume?

File Transfer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the messaging integration method facilitate?

Interaction between multiple applications. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge posed by heterogeneous systems in application integration?

Systems using different programming languages and data formats. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes remote procedure invocation?

A method that encapsulates data in large-scale objects or components. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the fundamental challenges of integration that deals with frequent application changes?

Modification complexity. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Internet of Things (IoT)

A network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices over the internet.

Integrated Programming Technologies

Combining existing software components to form a complete system.
A set of integration approaches that connect different components of IT infrastructure to enable secure, inter-application collaboration.
Create dynamic environments that support current and evolving business requirements.
Allows the unlimited sharing of data and business processes among applications without major changes to the applications or data structures.

Inter-system Communication

Communication between heterogeneous integrated systems.
Can be achieved through system integration, functional or technology integration, incremental engineering, or modification of existing systems.

Integration Model

Defines how applications will be integrated by defining the nature and mechanisms for integration.
Presentation Integration Model: Integrates new software through existing presentations.
Data Integration Model: Integrates applications through access to data stored by the software.
Functional Integration Model: Integrates applications for the purpose of invoking functionality from other applications.

Integration Fundamental Challenges

Network unreliability.
Distributed Systems.
Slow networks.
Application heterogeneity.
Modification Complexity.

Integration Methods: Application Integration

A framework composed of technologies and services that enable integration of systems and applications.
Four common methods:
- File Transfer: Applications produce files containing information for other applications to consume.
- Shared Database: A single physical database shared by different applications running on different platforms.
- Remote Procedure Invocation: Applications are developed as large-scale objects with encapsulated data.
- Messaging: Transfers packets of data frequently, immediately, reliably, and asynchronously or synchronously using customizable formats.

Middleware

Software located between the operating system and applications that connects them.
Provides a standard interface to application developers for interoperability.
Three types:
- Transaction-oriented middleware: Supports distributed computing involving database applications.
- Message-oriented middleware: Supports reliable, asynchronous communication between components.
- Object-oriented middleware: Supports communication between objects, primarily synchronously (e.g., CORBA, DCOM, RMI).

Integrative Architectures

Standardized methodologies for application integration (e.g., CORBA, DCOM, RPC).
Act as middleware, mediating between different applications.

RPC

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol is used to communicate between processes on different workstations.

Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)

A software standard defined and maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG) that enables communication between objects.

Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)

Extends COM to support communication between objects.
A remote protocol defining binary standards for component interoperability.

Common Messaging Frameworks

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): Used to transfer data between networked applications.
REST (Representational State Transfer): An architectural style that uses HTTP for communication.
XML (Extensible Markup Language): A markup language used to define structured data.
SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol): A protocol used for exchanging structured data using XML over HTTP or SMTP.

Web Services

Interoperable machine-to-machine software functions hosted at a network addressable location built on open standards and protocols.
Use protocols such as:
- XML: Tagging, coding, and decoding data.
- WSDL (Web Services Description Language): Describing web services and how to connect.
- UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration): Listing available services within an application and making them discoverable.

2 Major Implementations of Web Services

SOAP: Exchanging structured data using XML over HTTP and SMTP. Uses WSDL for service descriptions.
REST: An architectural style that uses HTTP and repurposes methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) to perform actions on objects represented by unique URLs.

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Description

Explore the concepts of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Integrated Programming Technologies through this quiz. Delve into the mechanisms of inter-system communication and integration models that facilitate collaboration among various applications. Test your understanding of these essential technologies that are shaping the interconnected world.