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Questions and Answers
What is the most commonly used Internet-layer protocol?
What is the most commonly used Internet-layer protocol?
- IPv6
- IPv4 (correct)
- UDP
- TCP
Which version of IP is designed to address the shortcomings of IPv4?
Which version of IP is designed to address the shortcomings of IPv4?
- IPv5
- IPv6 (correct)
- TCP
- UDP
What was the experimental real-time stream protocol that was never widely used?
What was the experimental real-time stream protocol that was never widely used?
- IPv6
- TCP
- UDP
- IPv5 (correct)
What does the 'Version number' field in the IP datagram format indicate for IPv4 datagrams?
What does the 'Version number' field in the IP datagram format indicate for IPv4 datagrams?
What does the 'Header Length' field specify in the IP datagram format for IPv4 datagrams?
What does the 'Header Length' field specify in the IP datagram format for IPv4 datagrams?
What is the default value of the 'Header Length' field in the IP datagram format for IPv4 datagrams?
What is the default value of the 'Header Length' field in the IP datagram format for IPv4 datagrams?
What is the maximum value that can be contained in 4 bits?
What is the maximum value that can be contained in 4 bits?
What is the purpose of the Identification field?
What is the purpose of the Identification field?
What does the DF (Don’t Fragment) bit do when set?
What does the DF (Don’t Fragment) bit do when set?
What does the Time to Live (TTL) field specify?
What does the Time to Live (TTL) field specify?
What does the User Protocol field identify?
What does the User Protocol field identify?
What is the Fragment Offset field used for?
What is the Fragment Offset field used for?
What does the Header Checksum field detect errors in?
What does the Header Checksum field detect errors in?
What does the MF (More Fragments) bit indicate?
What does the MF (More Fragments) bit indicate?
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Study Notes
Internet Protocol (IP)
- The most commonly used Internet-layer protocol is IP.
IPv4 and IPv6
- IPv6 is designed to address the shortcomings of IPv4.
Experimental Protocols
- The experimental real-time stream protocol was never widely used.
IP Datagram Format
IPv4 Datagram
- The 'Version number' field in the IP datagram format indicates the version of IP (IPv4).
- The 'Header Length' field specifies the length of the header in 32-bit words.
- The default value of the 'Header Length' field is 5 (5 x 32 bits = 160 bits).
- The maximum value that can be contained in 4 bits is 15.
Fragmentation
- The Identification field is used to identify fragments of a datagram.
- The DF (Don’t Fragment) bit, when set, prevents routers from fragmenting the datagram.
- The Fragment Offset field is used to specify the offset of a fragment in the original datagram.
Datagram Routing
- The Time to Live (TTL) field specifies the maximum number of hops a datagram can travel.
- The User Protocol field identifies the protocol used in the data portion of the datagram.
Error Detection
- The Header Checksum field detects errors in the header of the datagram.
- The MF (More Fragments) bit indicates that there are more fragments of a datagram.
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