Internet Infrastructure and Components
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Questions and Answers

What is the principle of Net Neutrality?

  • Internet providers do not use their privileged position to favour some applications and services over others. (correct)
  • Internet providers favour some applications and services over others.
  • Internet providers only support frozen pizza.
  • Internet providers only support Napoletana pizza.

    • OSTEP and CIAIT are supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

    True

    What is DevOps?

    Integrated Development and Operations

    The Data Lake is used for _______________ analytics.

    <p>smart buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following technologies with their descriptions:

    <p>ARM = Processors for hyperscale servers AI/ML = Content-based Tagging for video categorization DevOps = Integrated Development and Operations Cloud Organization = Virtual Machines and Containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cloud service that provides pizza?

    <p>Pizza as a Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Centre for Innovation in AI Technology (CIAIT) is a research centre supported by NSERC.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a network that stores and distributes content at edge locations?

    <p>Content Delivery Network (CDN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a Network?

    <p>A set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Internet is a network of peer networks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a VPN?

    <p>To provide a remote connection to a private intranet across a public network via IP tunnelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Internet was made possible by the development of open standards such as _______________ , HTTP, and HTML.

    <p>TCP/IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of networks with their descriptions:

    <p>WAN = A network that spans a large geographic area LAN = A high-speed network for an Intranet MAN = A network that connects multiple LANs in a metropolitan area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the concept that all packets are created equal on the Internet?

    <p>Net neutrality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Tier 1 ISP?

    <p>To connect to other Tier 1 ISPs and exchange Internet traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IXPs are used for peering and transit between ISPs.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) used for?

    <p>Providing servers, secondary storage, and networking services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud Computing allows for scalability and elasticity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is PaaS (Platform as a Service) used for?

    <p>PaaS provides hosted software development stacks to create web applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud Computing - ___________ as a Service provides hosted software development stacks to create web applications.

    <p>Platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cloud computing services with their descriptions:

    <p>IaaS = Provides servers, secondary storage, and networking services PaaS = Provides hosted software development stacks to create web applications SaaS = Provides end-user applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Google Compute Engine (GCP) is an example of IaaS.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using Cloud Computing?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an analogy used to explain Cloud Computing Services?

    <p>A pizza analogy (Software as a Pizza, Platform as a Pizza, Infrastructure as a Pizza)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary usage of JavaScript?

    <p>Client-side scripting for web applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud Computing is only used for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a company that provides access to the internet?

    <p>Internet Service Provider (ISP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The top website in terms of monthly traffic is _______________________, with 83.9 billion visits.

    <p>google.com</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following websites with their categories:

    <p>Wikipedia = Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Twitter = Social Media Networks Baidu = Search Engines Instagram = Social Media Networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?

    <p>To distribute traffic better and protect from DDoS attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Internet Service Providers (ISPs) connect end users to the Internet at Tier 1 level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of App Platforms and Stacks?

    <p>Content deployment and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reverse Proxy/CDN providers, such as _______________________, provide networks to cache content and protect from attack.

    <p>Akamai, Cloudflare, AWS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following entities with their primary function:

    <p>App Platforms and Stacks = Provide infrastructure for platforms to live Hosts = Content deployment and development ISPs = Connect end users to the Internet CDN = Distribute traffic better and protect from DDoS attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Recursive DNS providers cache information to resolve end users' DNS queries quickly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Registrars?

    <p>To register domain names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Internet Service Providers (ISPs)?

    <p>Connect end users to the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of App Platforms and Stacks?

    <p>To provide hosted software development stacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud Computing is only used for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)?

    <p>To cache content and protect from attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The top website in terms of monthly traffic is _______________________, with 83.9 billion visits.

    <p>google.com</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Internet Service Providers (ISPs)?

    <p>To provide access to the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Internet Service Providers (ISPs) connect end users to the Internet at Tier 1 level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following entities with their primary function:

    <p>App Platforms and Stacks = Provide hosted software development stacks Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) = Cache content and protect from attack Internet Service Providers (ISPs) = Provide access to the internet Registrars = Resolve end users' DNS queries quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Registrars?

    <p>To manage domain name registrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of App Platforms and Stacks?

    <p>Content deployment and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internet Service Providers (ISPs) connect end users to the Internet at Tier 1 level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Recursive DNS providers?

    <p>Cache information to resolve end users' DNS queries quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) provide networks to ______________________ content and protect from attack.

    <p>cache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following entities with their primary function:

    <p>Internet Service Providers (ISPs) = Connect end users to the Internet Registrars = Register domain names Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) = Cache content and protect from attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)?

    <p>Peering and transit between ISPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tier 1 ISPs connect end users to the Internet.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Authoritative & Root DNS?

    <p>Official reference of domains, names, and related IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network connects computers together for the purpose of sharing resources?

    <p>Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Internet is a single network.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an Internet Exchange Point (IXP)?

    <p>peering and transit between ISPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______________________ protocol is an open standard used on the Internet.

    <p>TCP/IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of networks with their descriptions:

    <p>LAN = High-speed Local Area Network for an Intranet WAN = Wide Area Network, e.g. public Internet MAN = Metropolitan Area Network, e.g. TTC subway station WiFi VPN = Virtual Private Network – remote connection to a private Intranet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a Tier 1 ISP?

    <p>Peering with other ISPs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

    <p>providing access to the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Open standards, such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and HTML, contributed to the success of the Internet.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Internet Service Providers (ISPs)?

    <p>Providing access to the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Cloud Computing is only used for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using Cloud Computing?

    <p>Scalability and elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The top website in terms of monthly traffic is _______________________, with 83.9 billion visits.

    <p>google.com</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cloud computing services with their descriptions:

    <p>IaaS = Infrastructure as a Service PaaS = Platform as a Service SaaS = Software as a Service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)?

    <p>Providing networks to cache content and protect from attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Recursive DNS providers cache information to resolve end users' DNS queries quickly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Software as a Service (SaaS)?

    <p>An application delivered over a network/Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks require a central server.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks?

    <p>low cost, easy to install, and no need for skilled staff, expensive servers, high bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blockchain addresses the issues of ______________________ in Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks.

    <p>security + trust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a SaaS for the front-office?

    <p>SalesForce CRM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their descriptions:

    <p>Google Apps = Streaming services for consumers Microsoft Office 365 = eLearning BigBlueButton = Back office SaaS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud Computing allows for scalability and elasticity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of technology on space and time?

    <p>It disrupts the ecology of space and time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using Cloud Computing?

    <p>Scalability and elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud Computing is only used for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?

    <p>To cache content and protect from attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cloud Computing provides _______________ as a Service, which provides hosted software development stacks to create web applications.

    <p>Platform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a company that provides access to the internet?

    <p>ISP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internet Service Providers (ISPs) connect end users to the Internet at Tier 1 level.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cloud computing services with their descriptions:

    <p>IaaS = Provides servers, storage, and networking services PaaS = Provides hosted software development stacks to create web applications SaaS = Provides end-user applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an Internet Service Provider (ISP)?

    <p>To provide access to the internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Internet Infrastructure

    • The Internet is made up of Tier 1 & 2 Internet Exchanges (IXPs), which connect through the oceans and facilitate peering and transit between networks.
    • Rooftop infrastructure includes cooling towers, diesel generators, chillers, and condensers.
    • Key players in the Internet ecosystem include browsers, search engines, content creators, app platforms, hosts, ISPs, transit providers, reverse proxies, and recursive DNS providers.

    Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

    • ISPs (e.g., Teksavvy, Bell, Rogers) connect end-users to the Internet, providing infrastructure for the last mile.
    • Transit providers connect end-users to the rest of the Internet.

    Cloud Computing

    • Cloud computing provides scalable and elastic infrastructure, platforms, and software as a service.
    • IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) provides servers, storage, and networking services.
    • PaaS (Platform as a Service) provides hosted software development stacks for creating web applications.
    • SaaS (Software as a Service) provides end-user applications.

    Computer Networks

    • Types of computer networks include WAN (Wide Area Network), Intranet, LAN (Local Area Network), VPN (Virtual Private Network), and MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).
    • Networks are connected for the purpose of sharing resources.

    Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)

    • IXPs are points where Tier 1 and 2 networks connect for peering and transit.
    • Examples of IXPs include 151 Front St W, 905 King St W, and 45 Parliament St.

    Success of the Internet

    • Open standards (TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML, WWW browser) and open source (GNU/Linux, Apache Web Server) contributed to the Internet's success.
    • World-wide networking, affordable bandwidth, decentralized infrastructure, and innovation by competition also contributed to its growth.

    Net Neutrality

    • Net neutrality is the principle of an open and neutral Internet, where Internet providers do not favor some applications and services over others.

    Internet Infrastructure

    • Cooling towers, diesel generators, chillers, and condensers are used to support Tier 1 & 2 Internet Exchanges and IXPs connected through the oceans.
    • The Internet is brought to you by browsers, search engines, content creators, app platforms, hosts, ISPs, transit providers, reverse proxy/CDN, recursive DNS providers, authoritative & root DNS, and registrars.

    Internet Ecosystem

    • Browsers (e.g. Firefox, Chrome) process JavaScript and render Internet content into a consumable form for end-users.
    • Search engines (e.g. Startpage, DuckDuckGo, Google, Bing) help you discover online content.
    • Content creators author the content you see online.
    • App platforms and stacks (e.g. Facebook, Shopify, Wordpress, Drupal, LAMP, ASP.NET) provide content deployment and development.
    • Hosts (e.g. matrix, Amazon Web Services, WHC.ca, Rackspace) provide infrastructure where the platforms live.
    • ISPs (e.g. Teksavvy, Bell, Rogers) connect end-users to the Internet (Tier 3).
    • Transit providers connect you from the last mile (Tier 3 ISPs) to the rest of the Internet (Tier 2 & 1).
    • Reverse proxy/CDN (e.g. Akamai, Cloudflare, AWS) provide networks to cache content and protect from attacks.
    • Recursive DNS providers (e.g. CIRA, Quad9, OpenDNS) cache info to resolve end-users' DNS queries quickly.
    • Authoritative & root DNS (e.g. Dyn, Cloudflare) are the official reference of domains, names, and related IP addresses.

    Networking

    • A network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources.
    • The Internet is a network of peer networks.
    • WAN = Wide Area Network, e.g. public Internet.
    • Intranet = inside a private network.PCs, BYOD, servers for file + print + storage + data sharing.
    • LAN = high-speed Local Area Network for an Intranet.
    • VPN = Virtual Private Network – remote connection to a private intranet across a public network via IP tunnelling.
    • MAN = Metropolitan Area Network, e.g. TTC subway station WiFi is on a MAN from BAI Communications.

    Tier 1/2 IXP & Tier 3 ISP

    • Tier 1/2 IXP (Internet Exchange Point) – peering and transit.
    • Tier 3 ISP (Internet Service Provider) – connecting end-users to the Internet.

    Cloud Computing

    • Cloud Computing: IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
    • IaaS: Infrastructure as a Service provides servers, and/or secondary storage, and/or networking services (e.g. AWS, Google Compute Engine).
    • PaaS: Platform as a Service provides hosted software development stacks to create web applications (e.g. Windows Azure, Google App Engine).
    • SaaS: Software as a Service is an application delivered over a network/Internet (e.g. SalesForce CRM, Google Apps, Microsoft Office 365).

    Computer Networks & Internet

    • Open Standards: TCP/IP, HTTP, HTML, WWW browser (Sir Tim Berners-Lee, 1990; Marc Andreessen, 1993; W3C, 1994).
    • Open Source: GNU/Linux, Apache Web Server.
    • World-wide networking from glass fibre & telecom goldrush.
    • Affordable bandwidth: speed + capacity grows for the same $.
    • Decentralized, cooperative infrastructure, e.g. peering.
    • Growth by cooperation. Innovation by competition. Net neutrality: all packets are created equal.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of internet infrastructure, including data centers, internet exchanges, and the role of browsers and search engines in delivering online content.

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