Internet Fundamentals for Developers

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Questions and Answers

What was the original purpose of the internet?

  • To connect computers in a decentralized network that could withstand a nuclear attack (correct)
  • To facilitate global trade and commerce
  • To provide a platform for online gaming
  • To enable communication between academic institutions

What is the fundamental unit that connects to form the internet?

  • Networks (correct)
  • Servers
  • Individual computers
  • Routers

What is the primary purpose of protocols in the internet?

  • To manage the flow of data through the internet
  • To ensure secure communication
  • To define how information is exchanged between devices (correct)
  • To establish connections between devices

Which of these is NOT a core protocol typically used to build internet applications?

<p>HTML (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a domain name in the internet?

<p>It provides a human-readable address for a website (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using HTTPS instead of HTTP?

<p>To provide secure communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TCP/IP in building internet applications?

<p>To provide reliable communication between devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of SSL/TLS in internet communication?

<p>To ensure secure communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TCP/IP in internet applications?

<p>To facilitate reliable, ordered, and error-checked data delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a socket consist of?

<p>An IP address and a port number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of ports in TCP/IP?

<p>To identify the corresponding application or service (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the SSL/TLS handshake process involve?

<p>Validating server certificates and negotiating encryption parameters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are SSL/TLS certificates important?

<p>They establish trust between the client and server (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the expected advancements of 5G technology?

<p>Enhanced capacity for new applications like remote surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to:

<p>Physical objects connected to the internet able to exchange data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emerging technology is pivotal for secure, decentralized transactions?

<p>Blockchain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key benefit of edge computing?

<p>Processing and storage at the network's edge for reduced latency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is commonly used for transferring files securely over the internet?

<p>FTP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a TCP connection establishment, which parameters are negotiated?

<p>Maximum segment size and window size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of designing applications using TCP/IP?

<p>Understanding the different port numbers and their functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies is primarily responsible for real-time analytics and low-latency applications?

<p>Edge computing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a router in the internet?

<p>To direct traffic between different devices and networks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol ensures that data packets are transmitted reliably and in the correct order?

<p>Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Domain Name System (DNS) primarily do?

<p>It translates domain names into IP addresses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is an IP address typically formatted?

<p>A series of four numbers separated by periods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do standardized protocols offer in internet communication?

<p>They enable seamless communication between devices from different manufacturers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HTTPS signify in a website's URL?

<p>The connection is secure and uses encryption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Internet Protocol (IP)?

<p>Providing security through encryption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the purpose of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?

<p>To transfer data between a client and server. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS)?

<p>To provide security for data transmission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a packet in the context of internet data transmission?

<p>A small unit of data sent across the internet. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a user enters a domain name in their web browser?

<p>A DNS query is sent to retrieve the IP address. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts describes a human-readable name used to identify a website?

<p>Domain Name (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

<p>HTTP does not encrypt data while HTTPS does. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is responsible for translating domain names to IP addresses?

<p>Domain Name System (DNS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Internet

A global network of interconnected networks that enables communication and information exchange.

Network

A group of computers or devices connected to share resources and information.

Protocols

Standardized rules that define how data is transmitted and received over the internet.

IP Address

A unique numeric label assigned to each device connected to a network for identification and communication.

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Domain Name

A human-readable address used to access websites, which translates to an IP address.

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HTTP

HyperText Transfer Protocol, used for transmitting web pages over the internet.

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SSL/TLS

Protocols that provide secure transmission of data over the internet.

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TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, foundational protocols for internet communications.

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Ports

Unique numbers assigned to applications/services for data delivery on devices.

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Sockets

Combination of an IP address and port number for a specific communication endpoint.

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Connections

Established link between two sockets that allows communication between devices.

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Data transfer

Transmission of data in segments between applications via established connections.

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Certificates

Documents that establish identity and trust by verifying authenticity in SSL/TLS connections.

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Handshake

Process where client and server negotiate encryption parameters over SSL/TLS.

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5G

Fifth generation mobile technology with faster speeds and lower latency.

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Internet of Things (IoT)

Network of physical devices connected to the internet that communicate and exchange data.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Technologies that allow machines to learn and make decisions based on data.

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Blockchain

Distributed ledger technology for secure, decentralized transactions.

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Packet

A small unit of data sent over the internet.

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Router

A device that directs data packets between networks.

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DNS

The Domain Name System translates domain names into IP addresses.

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UDP

The User Datagram Protocol transmits data without ensuring reliability.

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Web Browser

Software used to access and view websites.

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Client

A device or application that requests services from a server.

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Server

A system that provides data and services to clients.

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Internet Protocol (IP)

The protocol that routes packets to their correct destination.

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Study Notes

Internet Fundamentals for Developers

  • The Internet: A network of networks, connecting billions of devices globally. Originally developed for decentralized communication.
  • How the Internet Works: Standardized protocols govern data exchange between devices. Packets of information are routed through a global network of routers.
  • Protocols: Key protocols include IP (routing), TCP (reliable transmission), DNS (translates domain names to IP addresses), HTTP/HTTPS (data transfer between clients & servers), and SSL/TLS (secure communication).
  • Basic Concepts:
    • Packet: Small unit of transmitted data.
    • Router: Directs data packets between networks.
    • IP Address: Unique identifier for each device on a network.
    • Domain Name: Human-readable name (e.g., google.com) for websites.
  • IP Addresses & Domain Names: IP addresses are numerical identifiers, while domain names are user-friendly. DNS translates domain names into IP addresses.
  • HTTP & HTTPS: HTTP is for transferring data on the web. HTTPS adds encryption (SSL/TLS) for secure communication.
  • TCP/IP: The foundation for most internet applications. Enables reliable data transfer using ports and sockets.
  • SSL/TLS: Encrypts data transmission for secure connections. Relies on certificates, handshakes, and encryption to prevent data interception.
  • Emerging Trends: 5G, IoT, AI, Blockchain, and Edge computing are significantly shaping the future of the internet.

Protocols and Their Roles

  • Protocols: Sets of rules that govern communication between devices and systems. They enable seamless communication across different vendors.
  • IP: Responsible for routing data packets to their destinations.
  • TCP: Guarantees reliable and ordered delivery of data.
  • UDP: Offers faster, but less reliable data transfer.
  • DNS: Translates user-friendly domain names into IP addresses.
  • HTTP: Transfers data between clients (e.g., browsers) and servers (e.g., websites).
  • HTTPS: Provides encrypted communication via SSL/TLS, protecting sensitive data.

Key Terminologies

  • Port: Identifies specific applications or services on a device.
  • Socket: A combination of IP address and port for specific communication endpoints. Allows data to travel.
  • Connection: Established when devices communicate via sockets and negotiate parameters.
  • Data Transfer: Segments of data are sent and a sequence number ensures all segments arrive securely.

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