Chapter 9: Pricing
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Questions and Answers

What type of competition involves many sellers who can differentiate their offers across various price ranges?

  • Oligopolistic competition
  • Monopolistic competition (correct)
  • Pure competition
  • Pure monopoly

    • Which strategy best describes setting the same price for every customer?

  • Negotiated pricing
  • Dynamic pricing strategy
  • Segmented pricing
  • Fixed pricing strategy (correct)

    • What leads to upward pressure on pricing in online markets?

  • Just-in-time inventory
  • Customer self-service options
  • Customer acquisition costs (correct)
  • Lower overhead costs

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding market efficiency?

    <p>Lower prices are anticipated in an efficient market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of oligopolistic competition?

    <p>Few sellers sensitive to each other's pricing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pricing strategy allows companies to optimize inventory management by offering different prices to different customers?

    <p>Dynamic pricing strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to downward pressure on internet pricing?

    <p>Overhead costs related to scheduling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of dynamic pricing facilitated by the internet?

    <p>Pricing strategies that vary for different individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pricing model involves charging a fee for a single download or viewing session?

    <p>Pay Per View model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of buyer's costs?

    <p>Inventory costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of profit-oriented pricing?

    <p>To maximize current profits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurs with buyers due to the power shift from seller to buyer in online settings?

    <p>Buyers can control the pricing strategy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which revenue model allows users to access a basic product for free while offering an upgraded version for a fee?

    <p>Freemium model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the key benefits of online buyer control over pricing is:

    <p>The ability to participate in reverse auctions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of online shopping for buyers?

    <p>Convenience and time savings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pricing strategy allows companies to engage consumers by adjusting prices based on individual buyer behavior?

    <p>Dynamic pricing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of online buyer costs?

    <p>Financial cost, time cost, emotional cost, and opportunity cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of competition is characterized by few sellers who are sensitive to each other's pricing strategies?

    <p>Oligopolistic competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reverse auction, which party primarily influences final pricing?

    <p>The buyer through bids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pricing strategy involves setting different pricing levels for different segments of customers?

    <p>Segmented Pricing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the internet enhance price transparency for both consumers and sellers?

    <p>By enabling access to various price points and offers online</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an efficient market, what is typically expected regarding prices?

    <p>Frequent price changes and smaller price dispersion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which objective focuses on long-term growth and customer base enhancement in pricing strategies?

    <p>Market-oriented objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pricing strategies involves negotiating a price multiple times through discussion?

    <p>Negotiated Pricing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of setting a higher priced product first on sales performance?

    <p>Higher overall sales than offering a lower priced product first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Internet Driven Pricing Strategies

    • The internet fuels dynamic pricing, allowing sellers to adjust prices based on individual customer preferences and market factors.
    • Online price transparency empowers both buyers and sellers with access to real-time pricing information.
    • Digital product sellers enjoy flexibility in pricing models, offering various options for consumers:
      • Subscription: Provides access to content for a recurring fee.
      • Pay-Per-View: Offers individual content access at a higher price point.
      • Bundling: Discounts are offered for purchasing groups of products or services.
      • Ad-Supported Content: Revenue is generated through advertising on the platform.
    • Internet platforms offer diverse revenue models:
      • Freemium: A basic version is free, upgraded features are available for a fee.
      • Lite Versions: Basic features are offered at a low price.
      • Full Price Versions: All features are included for a higher price.

    Online Buyer and Seller Perspectives On Pricing

    Buyer Perspective

    • Buyers benefit from online cost savings through convenience, speed, and self-service options.
    • Online marketplaces like Amazon and Shopee provide one-stop shopping for numerous products, saving time.
    • The internet shifts power to the buyer, allowing them to set prices in reverse auctions.
    • Buyers have access to a vast amount of information, enabling them to compare prices and products.

    Seller Perspective

    • Internal factors influence pricing strategies:

      • Objectives: Profit maximization, market share expansion, competition-based pricing.
      • Marketing Mix: The internet should be integrated with other elements of the marketing mix for success.
      • IT: Online customer service, distribution costs, affiliate programs, website maintenance, and customer acquisition costs drive upward pressure on Internet pricing.
      • Downward Pressure: Self-service order processing, just-in-time inventory, reduced overhead, and digital product distribution costs can decrease pricing pressure.

    • External factors impacting pricing:

      • Market Structure and Competition: Monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, and pure competition influence pricing dynamics.
      • Market Efficiency: Equal access to information on products, prices, and distribution leads to lower prices, frequent price changes, and smaller price fluctuations.

    Pricing Strategies

    • Fixed Pricing: Same price for all customers. Examples include price leadership (Walmart.com) and promotional pricing (Amazon).
    • Dynamic Pricing: Varied prices for different customers based on factors like time, demand, and customer behaviour.
    • Segmented Pricing: Different price levels for different customer segments.
    • Negotiated Pricing: Prices are determined through back-and-forth discussions. Online auctions exemplify this strategy.
    • Software Renting: Companies like Salesforce.com rent software instead of selling it.
    • Price Placement on Web Pages: First offering a higher-priced product can lead to higher overall sales.

    The Internet and Pricing Strategies

    • The internet is changing the pricing landscape, moving away from fixed prices towards dynamic pricing, where prices vary for individual customers.
    • Price transparency is another key aspect of internet commerce, where both buyers and sellers have access to prices online.

    Digital Products and Pricing Options

    • Companies offering digital products (like music or videos) have more flexibility in pricing strategies:

      • Subscription models: Offer access to content for a fixed period (e.g., Netflix).
      • Pay-per-view: Charge for individual downloads or viewing sessions.
      • Bundling: Group different channels or content at a reduced price compared to pay-per-view.
      • Ad-supported content: Revenue is generated through ads displayed on the site or app (e.g., YouTube).

    Internet/Mobile App Pricing Models

    • Freemium: Offer a basic product for free, with an upgraded version available for a fee.
    • Lite versions: Sold at lower prices with fewer features than the full version.
    • Full price versions: Include all features.

    Buyer Perspectives on Online Pricing

    • Real cost: Consider factors like money, time, energy, and mental effort.
    • Online cost savings: The internet offers convenience and speed, allowing for 24/7 access. Self-service and one-stop shopping save time and energy.

    Buyer Control in Online Pricing

    • The internet shifts power from sellers to buyers.
    • Buyers can set prices in reverse auctions, and sellers decide whether to accept.
    • Buyer power is further amplified by the vast amount of information and products available online.

    Seller Perspectives on Online Pricing

    • Internal factors:

      • Pricing objectives:
        • Profit-oriented: Focuses on maximizing current profits.
        • Market-oriented: Aims to build a larger customer base, potentially leading to lower prices and higher long-term profits.
        • Competition-based: Setting prices based on what competitors are charging for similar products.
      • Marketing mix: The internet is just one sales channel, and should be integrated with other marketing elements.
      • IT:
        • Upward pressure on pricing: Online customer service, distribution and shipping costs, affiliate programs, website development, social media maintenance, and customer acquisition costs can increase prices.
        • Downward pressure on pricing: Self-service order processing, just-in-time inventory, reduced overhead costs, and digital product distribution can lower prices.

    • External factors:

      • Market structure and competition:
        • Pure monopoly: One seller, prices usually regulated by the government.
        • Oligopolistic competition: Few sellers, sensitive to each other's pricing and marketing strategies (e.g., online travel agents).
        • Monopolistic competition: Many buyers and sellers, with a range of prices and product differentiation (e.g., online courses).
        • Pure competition: Many buyers and sellers trading in a uniform commodity (e.g., corn).
      • Market efficiency: When customers have equal access to information about products, prices, and distribution. Efficient markets generally have lower prices, high price elasticity, frequent price changes, smaller price changes, and narrow price dispersion.

    Pricing Strategies

    • Fixed Pricing: Everyone pays the same price.

      • Price leadership: Setting prices based on a dominant competitor (e.g., Walmart.com).
      • Promotional pricing: Temporary price reductions for specific products or periods (e.g., Amazon).

    • Dynamic Pricing: Offering different prices to individual customers based on factors like time, demand, and customer behavior.

      • Segmented Pricing: Setting different prices for different customer segments (e.g., student discounts).
      • Negotiated Pricing: Price is determined through negotiation and discussion. The internet has increased the use of online auctions, where buyers and sellers can interact to determine prices (e.g., eBay).

    • Renting software: Software companies may choose to rent software instead of selling it (e.g., Salesforce.com).

    • Price Placement on Web Pages: Websites can strategically place prices on their pages to influence buying behavior. Offering higher-priced products first can sometimes increase overall sales.

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    Description

    Explore how the internet influences pricing strategies through dynamic pricing models tailored to individual consumer needs. This quiz delves into various pricing tactics like subscriptions, pay-per-view, bundling, and ad-supported content. Understand the implications of online price transparency for both buyers and sellers.

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