Internet Basics Quiz

IP Addresses

• Dynamic IP Address: Changes every time a device connects to the internet.
• Static IP Address: Stays the same for each device, even after disconnecting and reconnecting.

Internet Society

• A global nonprofit organization focused on internet standards and development.
• It has over 90 chapters, representing 145 organizations (companies, governments, and foundations) and 65,000 individual members.

The World Wide Web

• Web Browser: Software used to access and display web pages.
• Website: A location on a server with a unique address, containing various web pages.
• Web Page: A document accessible on the web, typically containing text, images, audio, and video.
• Home Page: The main or starting page of a website, linking to other pages within it.
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator): A unique address that points to a specific piece of information on the web.
  • Consists of the web protocol, domain name (server location), directory name, and file name.

Hypertext & HTML

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): The communication rules that allow browsers to connect with servers.
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): Defines the structure, formatting, and links in web documents using tags.
• Hypertext Links: Connections within HTML documents, linking to other related pages on the web.

Web Search

• Search Engine: Software that uses keywords or questions to locate information online.
  • Each search engine compiles its own searchable database.
• Subject Directory: A website organized by human editors into categories, allowing users to browse and search for information based on topics.
• Metasearch Engine: Searches multiple search engines simultaneously.
• Specialized Search Engine: Focuses on specific areas like movies, health, or job information.

Wiki

• Wiki: A website designed to be edited and updated by anyone.
• Wikipedia: A free, online encyclopedia that allows worldwide contributions and editing.
• Evaluating Websites:
  • Consider the source of the information.
  • Verify if the author is a credible authority in the field.
  • Check the information's objectivity, completeness, and currency.

Online Technologies

• Message Board: An online forum where users can post messages and engage in discussions.
  • Thread: A collection of messages focused on a particular topic.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A standard for transferring files between computers, even those with different operating systems.
• VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): Uses the internet to make phone calls.
• Multimedia: Includes various content types like audio, video, and animation.
  • Plug-ins: Programs that add features to browsers for specific multimedia types.
  • Applets: Small programs that can be downloaded and run by browsers, often used for interactive or animated elements.
  • Streaming Video: Delivers video data continuously as it's being downloaded, allowing playback to start before the entire download is complete.
  • Animation: Creates the illusion of motion by rapidly showing a series of still images.
• Push Technology: Automatically downloads information to users' computers.
• Blogosphere: The collective universe of blogs.
• Microblogging: Short text messages sent from mobile devices.
• Podcasting: Delivers internet music, radio, or video to computers.
• E-commerce: Buying and selling goods and services online.

Online Security Threats

• Phishing: Sending fraudulent emails that direct users to fake websites to steal personal information.
• Pharming: Malicious software that redirects a user to a fake website, even if they type the correct address.
• Cookies: Small text files stored on a user's computer that websites use to track user preferences and gather information.
• Spyware: Deceptive software that secretly gathers information from a user's computer.
  • Adware: A type of spyware that tracks browsing and buying habits to send targeted advertisements.
• Browser Hijackers: Change browser settings without consent, often altering the homepage or search results.
• Keyloggers: Record keystrokes, potentially exposing passwords and other sensitive information.

Avoiding Spyware and Malware

• Antispyware Software: Helps detect and remove spyware.
• Antivirus Software: Detects, and sometimes destroys, viruses.
• Malware: Includes various malicious software, such as worms, Trojan horses, and ransomware.
• Password Advice:
  • Use strong passwords with a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols.
  • Avoid common words or easily guessed patterns.
  • Use different passwords for multiple accounts.
  • Avoid storing passwords in easily accessible places.
  • Utilize password management software.