Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) do?
What does the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) do?
How are dynamic addresses assigned in a network?
How are dynamic addresses assigned in a network?
Which of the following is true about e-mail sent over the Internet?
Which of the following is true about e-mail sent over the Internet?
What does the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) specification do?
What does the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) specification do?
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What is required to run an instant messaging service?
What is required to run an instant messaging service?
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What is the main protocol suite used for transmitting data over the Internet?
What is the main protocol suite used for transmitting data over the Internet?
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Which of the following describes a challenge faced in developing an open system for Internet communication?
Which of the following describes a challenge faced in developing an open system for Internet communication?
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Why is circuit switching considered inefficient for computer communication?
Why is circuit switching considered inefficient for computer communication?
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What does the term 'Internet backbone' refer to?
What does the term 'Internet backbone' refer to?
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Which two protocols constitute the TCP/IP suite?
Which two protocols constitute the TCP/IP suite?
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What is the main function of a DNS server?
What is the main function of a DNS server?
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Which of the following correctly describes IPv6?
Which of the following correctly describes IPv6?
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What is a primary function of a Point of Presence (POP)?
What is a primary function of a Point of Presence (POP)?
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What characterizes the hexadecimal system used in IPv6 addresses?
What characterizes the hexadecimal system used in IPv6 addresses?
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Which entity does NOT typically own local networks?
Which entity does NOT typically own local networks?
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What issue does the transition to IPv6 aim to address?
What issue does the transition to IPv6 aim to address?
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Which organization is responsible for funding a major portion of the internet's infrastructure in the United States?
Which organization is responsible for funding a major portion of the internet's infrastructure in the United States?
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Who contributed to the development of e-mail and the ARPANET?
Who contributed to the development of e-mail and the ARPANET?
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What type of server enables users to make online purchases?
What type of server enables users to make online purchases?
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Which of the following best describes a protocol in networking?
Which of the following best describes a protocol in networking?
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Who previously managed many functions related to internet governance before nonprofit organizations took over?
Who previously managed many functions related to internet governance before nonprofit organizations took over?
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How do clients primarily request services on the Internet?
How do clients primarily request services on the Internet?
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Which of the following components is NOT part of the infrastructure that supports the Internet?
Which of the following components is NOT part of the infrastructure that supports the Internet?
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What is the main function of packet switching in computer communication?
What is the main function of packet switching in computer communication?
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Which of the following statements best describes an IP address?
Which of the following statements best describes an IP address?
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What does dynamic addressing provide in terms of security?
What does dynamic addressing provide in terms of security?
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What is the purpose of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)?
What is the purpose of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)?
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In what format is a typical IP address presented?
In what format is a typical IP address presented?
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Study Notes
Internet and Networking Concepts
- Internet Ownership: Local networks owned by individuals, universities, governments, and private companies. Infrastructure (high-speed lines) owned by government entities and private companies.
- Internet Management: Non-profit organizations and user groups handle specialized purposes, previously by US government contractors. Guarantees global participation towards Internet direction.
- Internet Funding: National Science Foundation (NSF) funds a large part of infrastructure, research, and development for new technologies. Other countries also contribute.
- Internet Organizations: Internet Society, IETF, IAB, ICANN, and W3C. Each have specific responsibilities in maintaining and developing the Internet.
How Computers Connect
- Internet as a Network of Networks: The Internet is composed of interconnected networks.
- Internet Backbone: Main paths collectively known as the Internet backbone. These high-speed fiber-optic lines (optical carrier lines) are used for data transmission, with speeds dependent on bandwidth needs.
- Internet Service Provider (ISP) Communication: ISPs connect to each other using Internet exchange points (IXPs).
- Individual Connection to ISP: Individuals connect to ISPs at points of presence (POPs) using various technologies (modems, servers, routers, switches). ISPs maintain various POPs across geographic areas.
- Computer Connections: Computers connect to the Internet using local area networks, connections, and various communication methods. The main paths are collectively known as the Internet backbone.
Client/Server Model
- Clients: Computers, tablets, and smartphones, requesting services.
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Types of Servers:
- Web servers: Host web pages and other information.
- Commerce servers: Enable online purchases using secure protocols.
- File servers: Provide remote storage and file access, often cloud storage.
- Data Transmission and Protocols: Networks use standard protocols (rules for information exchange). Protocols function as "rules of the road" for information.
Data Transmission and Protocols
- Protocols: Sets of rules for exchanging and processing electronic information.
- Standard Protocols: Ensure compatible communication between various devices and locations.
- Open Systems vs. Proprietary Systems: Open system protocols are public, while proprietary systems are private.
- Internet Protocol (IP): Each device connected to the internet requires a unique numerical identifier and a number of domain names that are word-based IP addresses.
Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching
- Circuit Switching: Used in early telephone systems; creates a dedicated connection for the duration of transmission.
- Inefficiency for Computers: Inefficient for computers needing to send data in bursts.
Internet Identity
- IP Addresses: Unique numerical identifiers for every device connected to the internet.
- Domain Names: Word-based IP addresses used to access specific websites, easy to remember and use.
- DNS (Domain Name System): A database that translates domain names into their associated IP addresses.
IP Addresses
- Static vs. Dynamic: Static IP addresses never change, while dynamic ones are temporary. Dynamic addresses are more secure.
- Dynamic IP (DHCP): Handles dynamic IP addresses by providing them from a pool. Assigns addresses for the duration of a session.
Protocols on the Internet
- TCP/IP Suite: The main suite of protocols that facilitates data transmission and other communication actions on the Internet.
- Protocols Examples: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP (User Datagram Protocol), FTP, Telnet, HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, DHCP, RTP, etc.
Communication Over the Internet
- E-mail: Uses SMTP protocol to send messages between users. Email transfers from your computer to the recipient's email server.
- Instant Messaging (IM): Client software connects to a server for real-time communication between two or more devices.
Internet Instant Messaging
- IM Clients: Programs for instant communication. Examples include Google Talk, Yahoo, and Windows live messenger.
- IM Communication: Client software on devices makes a connection with a chat server; information about your device and buddies' information is sent to the server.
File Transfer and Attachments
- File Transfer: Sending files as attachments using MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions). MIME handles the encoding and decoding of files.
- Security: Email is vulnerable to being read by others because plain text; encryption helps protect sensitive communications.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts related to ownership, management, funding, and organizations that govern the Internet. Understand how computers connect and the structure of the Internet as a vast network of networks. Test your knowledge on the Internet's infrastructure and its management bodies.
