International Trade Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key component of New Trade Theory that emphasizes the role of government?

  • Technical innovation
  • Economies of scale (correct)
  • First-mover advantage
  • Market regulation
  • According to National Competitive Advantage theory, what is crucial for a nation's competitiveness in an industry?

  • Capacity for innovation and upgrading (correct)
  • Availability of raw materials
  • Access to international markets
  • Relatively low labor costs
  • What aspect distinguishes advanced factors in the National Competitive Advantage theory?

  • Educational investments and workforce skills (correct)
  • Natural resources and geographical advantages
  • Government subsidies and protections
  • Market size and consumer demand
  • How does first-mover advantage create barriers to entry for competitors?

    <p>Through economies of scale and brand loyalty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Porter Diamond emphasize for competitive advantage in an industry?

    <p>Interplay of various national factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following assumptions is part of the Comparative Advantage theory?

    <p>Only two countries produce and consume just two goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Factor Proportions Theory primarily focus on?

    <p>Countries producing goods based on available resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the International Product Life Cycle is a product introduced and designed?

    <p>New product stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle behind Absolute Advantage?

    <p>A nation produces goods more efficiently than other nations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Factor Proportions Theory, a country with low labor costs is likely to specialize in which type of products?

    <p>Labor-intensive products. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major shift occurs as a product progresses to the Standardized product stage in the International Product Life Cycle?

    <p>Pressure from competition to lower prices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Comparative Advantage, what characterizes a less efficient nation?

    <p>It can produce one good more efficiently than another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT considered in the Factor Proportions Theory?

    <p>Technological advancement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the flaws of Mercantilism?

    <p>It results in a zero-sum game. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effect of colonialism in the context of Mercantilism?

    <p>It helps acquire territories for raw materials. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the International Product Life Cycle theory?

    <p>To explain the evolution of a product in global markets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main focus of the Factor Proportions Theory is on the use of which types of production factors?

    <p>Abundant and cheap resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a trade surplus?

    <p>Maintaining higher exports than imports. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of neomercantilism manifest in modern economies?

    <p>By encouraging exports while discouraging imports. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of International Product Life Cycle, which stage typically requires significant investment in marketing?

    <p>Introduction stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Porter Diamond in explaining national competitive advantage?

    <p>Cultural factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Mercantilism

    A trade theory where nations seek wealth by encouraging exports and discouraging imports.

    Trade Surplus

    When a nation exports more than it imports.

    Absolute Advantage

    A nation's ability to produce a good/service more efficiently than any other nation.

    Comparative Advantage

    Ability of a country to produce goods/services more efficiently relative to other goods/services than another country.

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    Zero-sum Game

    The belief that one nation's gain in wealth necessarily comes at another's expense.

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    Economic Nationalism

    A policy of prioritizing national interests in economic matters, often at the expense of other countries.

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    Government Intervention

    Tariffs and quotas enacted to control imports and exports.

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    Colonialism

    Acquiring territories to use resources and markets for benefit of the colonizer.

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    Factor Proportions Theory

    Countries export goods requiring abundant, cheap resources; import goods requiring scarce resources.

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    Heckscher-Ohlin Theory

    Another name for Factor Proportions Theory.

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    Factor Proportions

    A nation's resources categorized as labor and land/capital.

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    International Product Life Cycle

    Theory that company exports initially, later invests directly abroad as the product matures.

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    New Product Stage

    First stage of International Product Life Cycle, high demand in developed countries.

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    Maturing Product Stage

    International Product Life Cycle stage where domestic and foreign markets are fully aware of the product.

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    Standardized Product Stage

    A stage of the international product lifecycle in which competition drives companies to lower prices to maintain sales.

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    New Trade Theory

    Trade theory highlighting specialization, economies of scale, first-mover advantage, and potential government assistance to home companies.

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    First-Mover Advantage

    Economic and strategic benefit from being the initial company in an industry, creating high barriers for competitors.

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    National Competitive Advantage

    A nation's ability to excel in specific industries due to capacity for innovation and advancement within the industry.

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    Factor Conditions (Basic)

    A nation's resources that can initially spark production of a product, like natural resources or raw materials.

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    Factor Conditions (Advanced)

    A nation's skilled workforce, technological infrastructure, and investments in education and innovation, leading to sustained competitive advantage.

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