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Questions and Answers
What is a key distinction between domestic law and international law?
What is a key distinction between domestic law and international law?
Which philosopher viewed the state as characterized by continual fear and danger?
Which philosopher viewed the state as characterized by continual fear and danger?
What role does conflict play in the realm of international politics?
What role does conflict play in the realm of international politics?
In the context of international relations, what does the term 'self-help' imply?
In the context of international relations, what does the term 'self-help' imply?
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Which characteristic is NOT associated with the nature of international relations?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with the nature of international relations?
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What development in the political system of medieval Europe contributed to the emergence of sovereign states?
What development in the political system of medieval Europe contributed to the emergence of sovereign states?
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What was the primary consequence of the Thirty Years’ War on European political structure?
What was the primary consequence of the Thirty Years’ War on European political structure?
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How did the concept of sovereignty affect state relations in the medieval period?
How did the concept of sovereignty affect state relations in the medieval period?
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What role did ambassadors play in the evolving political landscape of Europe?
What role did ambassadors play in the evolving political landscape of Europe?
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What major transformation occurred in the relationships between Europe and the rest of the world in the nineteenth century?
What major transformation occurred in the relationships between Europe and the rest of the world in the nineteenth century?
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Study Notes
Understanding International Relations
- Nationalism is a powerful force in international affairs, driving revolutions and wars. Nation-states are considered the fundamental political unit.
- The terms "nation," "state," and "country" are not interchangeable. Nations evolve organically from ethnic communities, while states are political entities.
- The concept of the "nation-state" emerged in the late 18th century, with nations seeking to control states for their needs.
- The revolutions in America (1776) and France (1789) influenced other nationalist movements.
- The Congress of Vienna (1815) aimed to restore pre-revolutionary Europe but failed to prevent the growth of nationalism.
- Nationalism was associated with the right of self-determination, becoming a foundational principle after World War 1, leading to the formation of many nation-states.
- International relations are unavoidable due to interconnectedness in geography, ideas and social interaction.
- Originally, the study of international relations was a branch of law.
- The study now encompasses many social interactions, including conflicts, conferences, and crimes.
- The international system is anarchic, pluralistic and diverse. Each state must consider "foreigners."
- Domestic and international politics differ. Domestic law is enforced using courts and police, while international law lacks unified enforcement.
Actors in International Relations
- International politics is complex, with many actors beyond states.
- States are the central actors, considered sovereign, with territorial boundaries and independence.
- Non-state actors (firms, international organizations, NGOs) significantly impact international relations.
- Multinational corporations (MNCs) play an increasing role through operations in various countries.
- Transnational issues (like global crime and economic crises) challenge traditional state-centric understandings.
Levels of Analysis in IR
- Individual level: Analysis of individual leaders' roles and motivations in international conflicts.
- Group level: Influence of groups within states (political parties, interest groups, bureaucracies) on policy.
- State level: Focus on the state as the primary actor, analyzing interactions, cooperation, and crises.
- System level: Focus on the distribution of power, the global structure, and the role of international institutions including the United Nations.
Theories of International Relations
- Idealism/Liberalism: Believes in human goodness, peaceful relations, and international cooperation through institutions.
- Realism: Emphasizes power struggles, competition, and the self-interest of states in an anarchic system.
- Structuralism/Marxism: Views international relations through a class-based lens, emphasizing inequality and exploitation.
- Constructivism: Highlights the role of ideas, norms, and social structures in shaping international relations.
- Critical theories: challenge mainstream approaches by focusing on power imbalances, marginalized perspectives, and global injustices.
Structure of the International System
- International systems are often described as unipolar (one dominant power), bipolar (two major powers), or multipolar (multiple significant powers).
- Power amongst states determines the structure of the system.
- Anarchy describes the lack of centralized authority in the international system, with states relying on self-help.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of nationalism and its impact on international relations. Understand the evolution of nation-states and the significance of self-determination in shaping global politics. This quiz covers key historical events and the development of international relations as an academic field.
