International Organisations: Peacekeeping Overview

The primary function was to address threats to peace and security by monitoring truces and providing buffer zones between hostile forces.

2nd generation peacekeeping involves a more intense use of force and may include mandates to rebuild political systems and address state failure during civil conflicts.

In 3rd generation peacekeeping, consent of the parties is not sought, allowing for greater use of force to protect civilians and impose ceasefires.

<p>The UNSC referred to humanitarian crises as 'threats to international peace and security,' thus invoking Chapter 7 for intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peacekeeping is not explicitly mentioned in the Charter, but it is supported by Chapter 7 articles 39 and 48, which address threats to peace and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The suspension was due to the annexation of Crimea and Russia's intervention in Ukraine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NATO's intervention in Kosovo was a significant operation in the Balkans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key processes are widening (enlargement) and deepening (enhanced integration).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ECSC in 1951 and the Treaty of Rome in 1957 established foundational economic cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CSDP aims to manage peacekeeping, conflict prevention, and crisis management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The European Commission proposes and enforces legislation and represents the EU internationally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Maastricht Treaty created the pillars of the EU, including the Economic Community, CFSP, and JHA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The EDA was established to enhance defense capabilities and foster military cooperation in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impartiality is crucial for maintaining the consent and cooperation of the main parties involved in the conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UN peacekeeping forces can use force for self-defense and in defense of the mandate, with authorization from the UNSC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Robust peacekeeping requires the consent of the host nation and involves tactical use of force, while peace enforcement can occur without consent and operates at a strategic level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of force should always be in a precise, proportional, and appropriate manner, adhering to the principle of minimum force necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peace operations do not have clear objectives and organizational unity due to the complexity of achieving political consensus from the UNSC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of unified command complicates coordination, making it difficult to deploy forces effectively and implement strategies such as surprise attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of force in peace operations is seen as a last resort and should be proportional, contrasting with the often more aggressive posture in traditional warfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compromising impartiality can lead to loss of trust and cooperation from the conflicting parties, undermining the peacekeeping mission's effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compliance promotes predictability, stability, and mutual trust among states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It established the principles of sovereignty and equality among states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It addresses global challenges post-World War II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help prevent nuclear proliferation through efficient adherence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers dispute resolution processes to ensure trade efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It necessitated formal cooperation due to growing technological interdependence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>States join treaties to maximize national and international advantages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It established a structured mechanism for regular diplomatic meetings to maintain peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Glasgow Climate Pact emphasized the phase-down of coal emissions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was designed to support climate-vulnerable nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emissions are to be cut by 43% by 2030.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses legal obligations and sanctions for failure to meet directives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides resolution mechanisms for disputes to ensure compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They foster high compliance due to collective security interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceptable non-compliance is subjective and depends on the nature of the treaty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanisms include diplomatic pressure, sanctions, and reputation management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The advent of nuclear weapons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To advocate for international cooperation in peaceful nuclear energy development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must sign Comprehensive Safeguards Agreements with the IAEA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To negotiate a cessation of the nuclear arms race and pursue comprehensive disarmament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance from Nuclear-Weapon States and political complexities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diversion of nuclear technology to military use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).</p> Signup and view all the answers