International Management Session 2

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Questions and Answers

What is one implication of economic globalization for international managers?

  • They operate without the influence of technology.
  • They focus exclusively on domestic markets.
  • They need to consider events in distant countries. (correct)
  • They only manage local compliance issues.

How has information technology influenced the competition for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)?

  • It has provided them with capabilities to compete globally. (correct)
  • It has decreased their operational efficiency.
  • It has limited their access to global markets.
  • It has made them reliant on traditional methods.

Which statement best summarizes globalization?

  • Globalization fosters isolation among economies.
  • Globalization describes the increasing connections across various spheres of activity. (correct)
  • Globalization is primarily driven by governmental regulations.
  • Only economies are interconnected, leaving cultures independent.

What role do political systems play in international business?

<p>They influence the legal requirements and compliance for businesses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be assessed to determine if foreign trading is feasible?

<p>Prospective benefits against potential risks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when planning for market expansion?

<p>Developing a comprehensive worldwide business strategy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did free trade have on international business from the 1990s onward?

<p>It contributed to economic and organizational interconnectedness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as defined in the United States?

<p>Companies with 500 employees or less. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for establishing successful market entrance tactics?

<p>Investigating and evaluating potential entrance tactics and strategic alliances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does globalization affect transactions across borders?

<p>It facilitates increased interactions in trade and investments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is cultural sensitivity important in global trade?

<p>It allows for better adaptation of products and services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors must international managers consider proactively?

<p>Economic, political, and legal factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of advanced information technology on globalization?

<p>Limitation of resources to large firms only. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does marketing play in international trade?

<p>It generates demand that needs to be capitalized through a sales plan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When adapting products for specific international markets, what must managers be particularly aware of?

<p>Regulatory compliances and cultural preferences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of major trade groups like the EU, NAFTA, and APEC?

<p>To facilitate easier trade and reduce tariffs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is outsourcing primarily aimed at achieving for organizations?

<p>Reducing operational costs and accessing expertise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should international managers familiarize themselves with when considering global morality and law?

<p>The fundamental legal concepts of worldwide business (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue is commonly associated with outsourcing?

<p>Cross-cultural problems and inefficiencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does downsizing typically affect organizations in the context of globalization?

<p>It results in layoffs due to economic pressures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes protectionism?

<p>Implementing taxes to protect domestic industries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'merger' specifically refer to?

<p>The combination of two companies into a single entity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge can arise when organizations downsize due to globalization?

<p>Employee dissatisfaction and reduced morale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)?

<p>Hiring external companies to handle services previously done in-house (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily required to demonstrate cultural empathy effectively?

<p>Bracketing one’s assumptions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive complexity is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

<p>Ability to take risks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant benefit of cultural empathy in managerial contexts?

<p>Facilitates understanding and acceptance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does active listening play in demonstrating cultural empathy?

<p>It is essential for perceiving multiple dimensions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the challenge of demonstrating cultural empathy?

<p>It demands setting aside habitual ways of thinking. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what might a manager do to navigate cultural differences in communication?

<p>Adapt their communication style to the other culture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ability to empathize with individuals from different cultural backgrounds is linked to which cognitive skill?

<p>Cognitive complexity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement best captures the essence of active listening in the context of cultural empathy?

<p>It helps to grasp multiple perspectives in a conversation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does family support play for managers in their professional lives?

<p>It provides an environment for coping and regaining emotional energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of psychological maturity?

<p>A clear and consistent way of seeing meaning in life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do core values relate to psychological maturity?

<p>They guide individuals in setting meaningful goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception does the content address regarding emotions in organizational life?

<p>Expressions of emotion are essential for cognitive complexity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a result of the emotional bonds developed within families according to the content?

<p>Improved ability to cope with professional challenges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does having a unifying philosophy of life indicate about psychological maturity?

<p>It evolves from a clear value system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes how emotional energy impacts managers?

<p>It enables a more human interaction during engagements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is typically seen as essential for successful management according to the content?

<p>A robust and evolving value system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of curiosity to learn in international managers?

<p>It motivates individuals to seek out new experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which character trait is essential for a psychologically mature international manager?

<p>Openness to new ideas and experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does experiential learning contribute to the curiosity of managers?

<p>It allows individuals to learn in real-world scenarios. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tendency do managers with a healthy personality exhibit regarding time orientation?

<p>They appreciate the present moment fully. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivator for many managers pursuing an international career?

<p>Curiosity to seek out the new and unfamiliar. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can hinder an international manager from experiencing genuine learning?

<p>A focus on theoretical understanding without practice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do managers who live in the 'here and now' typically view their experiences?

<p>As unique and worthy of appreciation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of curiosity facilitates effective learning in managers?

<p>Active pursuit of relevant opportunities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Economic Globalization

The growing interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and populations worldwide due to cross-border trade, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information. It essentially means the world is becoming more integrated.

Political Systems

The systems of government that govern countries, including their political ideologies, structures, and processes. Examples include democracies, authoritarian regimes, and monarchies.

Legal Requirements and Compliance

Legal rules and regulations imposed by governments on businesses within their jurisdictions, including regulations related to contracts, intellectual property, labor, and environmental protection.

Advances in Information Technology

A technological advancement that has significantly reduced the cost of communication, leading to a more connected global marketplace.

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Globalization of Trade

The interconnectedness of businesses across national borders, driven by factors like trade, investment, and technology. This leads to increased competition and the global spread of technological advancements.

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Impact of Technology on SMEs

The ability of even small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to compete globally due to the availability of affordable and sophisticated information technology.

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Growing Economic Interconnectedness

The growth of free trade and international economic integration, especially prominent in the 1990s.

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Organizational Interconnectedness

The interconnectedness and interdependence of businesses and organizations across national boundaries, driven by various factors including globalization, technology, and the increasing complexity of operations.

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Tariffs

Taxes imposed on imported goods to make them less attractive to consumers and protect domestic industries.

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Protectionism

Policies designed to protect a country's domestic industries from foreign competition.

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Outsourcing

Hiring outside companies to perform tasks or produce goods previously done by in-house employees.

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Downsizing

The practice of reducing an organization's size by eliminating jobs.

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Merger

The combination of two companies into one, resulting in a single entity.

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Acquisition

The takeover of one company by another, resulting in the acquiring company controlling the acquired company.

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European Union (EU)

A significant global trade group that aims to reduce tariffs and make trade easier between member countries.

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North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A trade agreement aimed at reducing trade barriers and promoting economic growth between Canada, Mexico, and the United States.

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Feasibility of Foreign Trading

Determining if trading in a foreign market is beneficial and worthwhile considering its potential risks and rewards.

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Planning for Market Expansion

Developing a comprehensive strategy for expanding into global markets and ensuring successful implementation.

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Adapting Products & Services

Knowing how to adapt products and services to meet the unique needs and preferences of a specific international market.

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Global Marketing & Sales

Understanding the importance of balancing marketing that generates demand with a strong sales plan to effectively capitalize on that desire.

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Cultural Sensitivity in Global Trade

Recognizing the significance of cultural differences and their impact on global trade, ensuring sensitivity and respect.

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Global Morality & Law

Knowing and adhering to all applicable legal regulations, both local and international, governing business operations in global commerce.

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Proactive Global Management

Proactively analyzing and considering economic, political, and legal factors to anticipate challenges and opportunities in global business.

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Economic Global Change

Understanding the impact of economic changes, such as the decline of CD sales and the rise of streaming platforms, on global business.

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Cultural Empathy

The ability to understand and appreciate another culture's perspective.

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Cognitive Complexity

A form of mental flexibility that allows individuals to consider multiple viewpoints and think beyond their own biases.

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Bracketing Assumptions

The ability to hold back one's own assumptions and biases to fully understand another person's perspective.

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Active Listening

Actively listening to understand the nuances of someone's communication and the emotions behind their words.

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Entering the Other's World

The process of trying to understand another person's experience as if it were your own.

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Progressive Acceptance

The process of building acceptance and understanding through active listening and empathy.

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Adaptable Communication

The ability to consider multiple viewpoints and adjust your communication style accordingly.

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Leadership Through Empathy

The ability to lead effectively by considering diverse perspectives and building empathy within a team.

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Emotional Support of Family

The ability to cope with work stress by drawing strength from positive family connections. It's like a safe haven where you recharge and gain emotional energy.

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Importance of Family Support

Supporting family ties is crucial for managers. It's a vital resource for handling stress and regaining emotional balance.

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Psychological Maturity

A consistent, integrated way of seeing the world based on core values, guiding decisions, and defining meaning. It's about self-awareness and understanding others.

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Core Values

These are like the guiding principles that define what matters most to you. They shape your goals, relationships, and overall life direction.

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Unifying Philosophy of Life

Having a stable sense of purpose and a clear understanding of your values is key to a healthy and fulfilling life.

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Emotional Energy in Leadership

Emotional energy is vital for leading others, and it can be enhanced by strong, positive relationships.

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Healthy Emotional Energy

Strong values and a unified philosophy of life are essential for managers to navigate complex situations and build meaningful connection with others.

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Curiosity to Learn

A desire to continuously seek out new information and experiences. Successful international managers go beyond just curiosity and actively learn from their environment. They view each situation as a potential learning opportunity, even the seemingly mundane, to expand their knowledge and skills.

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Openness to Learning

Not being afraid to admit what you don't know and actively seeking knowledge from diverse sources. This is the opposite of being defensive. International managers are open to learning from anyone and everyone.

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Orientation to the Present

International managers prioritize the present moment and focus on fully experiencing it. They view each moment as unique and appreciate even the simplest events.

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Experiential Learning

The capacity to understand and learn from experiences. International managers are highly adaptable and apply what they learn to various situations.

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Balance of Time Orientation

Successful international managers are skilled at staying engaged in the present without completely neglecting the past or future. They integrate experiences into their present actions, making them more effective leaders.

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Pursuit of New Experiences

International managers embrace opportunities to learn from others, often pursuing diverse activities beyond their immediate roles. They actively seek out new experiences to broaden their perspectives.

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Flexibility and Adaptability

This is a valuable trait for international managers who need to adapt to different cultures and time zones. It involves recognizing the value of different perspectives and being flexible with time management.

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Diverse Learning Approaches

Being aware of the importance of both formal and informal learning opportunities. International managers leverage diverse avenues to expand their knowledge and skills.

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Study Notes

Session 2: The International Manager

  • Globalization is the increasing interdependence of global economies, cultures and populations, driven by cross-border trade, technology, investment flows, and information.

  • Globalization creates a more interconnected world, impacting businesses and individuals.

  • International managers encounter economic, political, and legal factors affecting the global business environment.

Economic Globalization

  • Information technology has reduced communication costs, leading to a globalized trade.

  • Increased competition and sophistication of computing systems affect small and large organizations alike, enabling their access to information, resources, and markets.

  • Small and medium-sized businesses are now able to compete globally. Small/medium sized enterprise definitions vary around the world, e.g., in the US 500 employees or fewer; in the EU 250 or fewer.

Political Systems

  • International managers must understand and deal with political events in other countries, as these can heavily influence international business activities.

  • Increased rate of mergers and acquisitions may result, leading to reductions in workforce.

  • All business activities today are impacted by international transactions and events occurring in other countries.

  • Global managers must comply with local legal requirements and adhere to international trade agreements.

Increased Use and Sophistication of Information Technology

  • Advances in information technology reduce the cost of communication and lead to a more globalized market.

  • Technological advancements now enable small organizations to compete with large multinationals.

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