International Law on Torture

The body of rules and principles that govern the conduct of states in times of peace.

The body of rules and principles that govern the conduct of states in times of armed conflict.

The legal framework governing the use of force by states, focusing on when it is legal to go to war.

The legal framework governing the conduct of states during a transition from armed conflict to peace.

International law that aims to protect individuals from human rights violations.

International law that prohibits and punishes serious crimes like genocide and crimes against humanity.

States, the Holy See, and the Maltese Order were traditionally the only entities with full rights and obligations in the international legal system.

The right of a state to act independently within its territory and to be free from undue interference from other states. It also implies membership in the international community.

The legal status of a state depends on the fulfillment of certain criteria, such as a population, territory, government, and ability to engage in international relations.

States can choose to recognize other entities as states even if they don't meet all the criteria. This is often driven by political motives.

International law generally restricts interventions in the internal affairs of states, including how they treat their own citizens.

International law derived from the consistent practice of states and considered legally binding. Countries abide by these rules even without specific treaties.

The most important source of international law, where countries formally agree to common rules through treaties and agreements.

A source of international law, where courts look at decisions by other courts and scholarly work to interpret and apply rules.

The Statute of the International Court of Justice lists this as a source of international law, referring to principles common to most legal systems, like acting in good faith.

International law was historically focused on states and their interactions, leaving individuals without much protection in international law.

The process of deducing legal rules from social practices and subjective beliefs. This can be complex and challenging due to uncertainties about proof and content.

International treaties are agreements between states that contain rules governing their conduct. They codify specific legal obligations and can be used to interpret customary law.

The prohibition of torture is a fundamental principle of international law. It is enshrined in treaties like the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention against Torture.

The application of international law beyond the territory of a state. This typically occurs when a state exercises control over events or individuals in another country.

The principle that states are only bound by international law within their own territory and over their own citizens. It is a limitation on the extraterritorial application of international law.

The act of formally agreeing to be bound by a treaty. States can be parties to treaties by both signing and ratifying them.

The use of coercive measures to extract information or confessions from a suspect. Torture violates international law and human rights.

The concept that international law, despite its challenges, is a relevant and impactful force in shaping global affairs.

The ongoing debate about the nature and application of international norms, particularly in situations like the 'war on terror'.

The argument that international norms and agreements play a significant role in shaping states' interests and guiding their cooperation.

The idea that states, through interaction, naturally create rules and institutions that govern their behavior on the international stage.

The study of how social processes, including legal norms, influence actors' identities, behavior and understandings of themselves in the international system.

The study of how social movements, through campaigning and mobilization, create and influence policies, particularly regarding human rights.

The shift in focus from debating whether international law is 'real' law to understanding how it influences international actions and relationships.

The recognition that international law and international relations theory are increasingly intertwined, exploring how norms shape international dynamics.

A principle that emphasizes the responsibility of states to protect their citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. It also involves international support and intervention when states fail to fulfill their duty.

The first pillar of R2P, where each state is obligated to use appropriate means to safeguard its citizens from serious human rights violations like genocide and crimes against humanity.

The second pillar of R2P, where the international community actively encourages and assists states in fulfilling their responsibility to protect their people.

The third and final pillar of R2P, where the international community, particularly through the United Nations, takes action when a state demonstrably fails to protect its population from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

The concept that states are generally free from interference in their internal affairs, a key principle in international law.

A commitment to prevent and address atrocity crimes as grave human wrongs, shared by many states, including those in Southeast Asia.

The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights, established to promote and protect human rights within Southeast Asia. It serves as a regional mechanism for addressing human rights concerns.

The United Nations World Summit Outcome Document, adopted in 2005, which incorporated the Responsibility to Protect principle. This document reflected the commitment of the international community to protect people from gross violations of human rights.

A pessimistic view of world politics. It argues that different cultures with unique values are destined to clash with limited cooperation. This perspective emphasizes the role of conflict and downplays the influence of morality in international affairs.

The idea that progress and cooperation are possible in international affairs through voluntary agreements and rules among states.

A set of rules and principles that regulate the conduct of states in times of peace. It includes the UN Charter and other international agreements.

A central principle of this approach, emphasizing the importance of the UN Charter in governing state behavior and maintaining international peace.

The principle that states should not interfere in the internal affairs of other states, except under specific conditions authorized by the UN Security Council.

The view that the expansion of collective action to address issues like human protection does not necessarily lead to chaos and disorder.

The idea that states can reach agreements on shared moral principles, suggesting that international cooperation can be based on shared values.

This perspective argues that the benefits of collective action and cooperation outweigh the potential risks of disorder.