International Commercial Arbitration Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the arbitration agreement constitute?

The relinquishment of the right to have disputes decided by a national court.

What rights do parties create when they agree to arbitrate?

  • The right to choose a mediator to resolve the disputes.
  • The right to have their disputes resolved judicially.
  • The right to avoid any binding decisions.
  • The right to establish the process for resolving the dispute. (correct)
  • Arbitration agreements need to be contained within a commercial contract to be valid.

    False (B)

    What is the doctrine of separability?

    <p>It refers to the arbitration clause being considered a separate and distinct agreement from the main contract, even if the contract is invalid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main requirements for a valid arbitration agreement under most national laws and the New York Convention?

    <p>The agreement must be in writing and, in some cases, signed by both parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the New York Convention?

    <p>To enforce arbitration agreements and awards internationally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main scenarios where the issue of a valid arbitration agreement may arise?

    <p>When a party seeks to renege on its agreement to arbitrate. (B), When a nonsignatory tries to enforce the agreement against a signatory. (C), When one party asserts that it never signed the agreement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The New York Convention supersedes domestic law regarding the proper form of an arbitration agreement.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ways courts can ensure that the purpose of the New York Convention is not undermined by strict interpretations of the writing requirement?

    <p>By interpreting the Convention's writing requirement more liberally in light of modern communication methods. (B), By relying on domestic law to interpret the Convention's writing requirement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The signature requirement of the New York Convention applies only to submission agreements, not to contracts containing arbitration clauses.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the New York Convention, what are the three main requirements concerning the subject matter of a dispute to be settled through arbitration?

    <p>The dispute must be in respect of a defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not. (A), The subject matter must be capable of settlement by arbitration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Article II(3) of the New York Convention requiring courts to do when presented with a matter subject to a valid arbitration agreement?

    <p>Courts must refer the parties to arbitration and stay the proceedings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential downsides of strict interpretations of the New York Convention's writing requirement?

    <p>It can make it difficult to enforce arbitration agreements in certain cases. (A), It can undermine the purpose of the Convention. (B), It can discourage parties from using arbitration as a dispute resolution method. (C), It can make the Convention more difficult to amend. (D), It can create a nonuniform application of the Convention. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    International Commercial Arbitration

    A private dispute resolution system outside of court systems, used in international business dealings and enforced by national courts.

    Arbitration Agreement

    A formal agreement where parties agree to resolve their disputes through arbitration, instead of going to court.

    Arbitration Clause

    A section within a contract outlining the agreement to arbitrate any future disputes arising from the contract.

    Submission Agreement

    An agreement to arbitrate a dispute that has already arisen, formed after the disagreement.

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    Separability Doctrine

    The principle that an arbitration clause in a contract is separate from the main agreement, and can remain valid even if the main contract is challenged.

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    Consent

    The agreement by disputing parties to go through arbitration, allowing arbitrators to decide the case.

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    Arbitrators

    Neutral, private individuals chosen by parties to hear and decide disputes.

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    Binding Award

    A final, enforceable decision from arbitrators, generally not subject to appeal.

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    Seat of Arbitration

    The jurisdiction where the arbitration is held and where challenges to the award might be made.

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    New York Convention

    A treaty promoting the international enforcement of arbitration awards.

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    Neutrality of Forum

    A key benefit of arbitration providing a neutral location for dispute resolution between parties from different jurisdictions.

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    Enforcement Likelihood

    Probability that an arbitration award can be enforced internationally.

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    Confidentiality

    The ability to keep arbitration proceedings and outcome hidden from the public, crucial for preserving sensitive business information.

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    Expert Determination

    Arbitration where technical issues are handled by a special expert, whose decision might be binding.

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    Litigation

    Formal legal proceedings in a court of law to settle disputes.

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    Mediation

    A non-binding dispute resolution process where a neutral mediator facilitates communication between parties to reach a settlement.

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    Conciliation

    A process where a conciliator listens to both sides and presents a proposed settlement, which is not binding.

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    International Arbitral Institution

    Organization offering administrative support and rules to guide arbitration proceedings.

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    Ad Hoc Arbitration

    Arbitration without an administering institution, driven by the parties' own chosen rules and arrangements.

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    UNCITRAL Model Law

    A set of guidelines for international commercial arbitration; used in conjunction with other rules.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter One: Introduction to International Commercial Arbitration

    • Arbitration is a private dispute resolution system outside of judicial systems.
    • It usually involves a final, binding decision enforceable in national courts.
    • Arbitrators, typically one or three, are chosen by the parties.
    • Arbitration can be administered by an institution or be ad hoc (without an institution).
    • Parties choose the arbitration rules, location, and language.
    • Arbitration provides autonomy and avoids "home court advantage" in international disputes.
    • Flexibility and expertise in arbitrators are attractive features.
    • International commercial arbitration is now standard in international business.

    Chapter Two: The Arbitration Agreement

    • Arbitration agreements allow parties to resolve disputes privately.
    • This relinquishes judicial resolution rights and creates rights to establish a dispute resolution process.
    • Arbitration clauses are embedded in commercial contracts, often before disputes arise.
    • A submission agreement is a later agreement to arbitrate an existing dispute.
    • Arbitration clauses are considered separate agreements, even if the main contract is invalid.
    • Separability doctrine allows arbitrators to proceed regardless of contract validity challenges.

    Validity of Arbitration Agreements

    • Agreements to arbitrate must be freely, knowingly, and competently given.
    • Most national laws and the New York Convention require written agreements.
    • Validity is critical to dispute resolution.
    • The New York Convention requires written agreements and clarifies what "agreement in writing" means.
    • The writing requirement might involve a clause within the contract, a separate submission agreement, or exchanges of signed letters/telegrams.
    • Courts interpret the writing requirement differently.
    • Some require express, signed acceptance.
    • Some interpret the writing requirement loosely.
    • Divergent court interpretations can lead to inconsistent application of the Convention.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of international commercial arbitration, including its definition, advantages, and the key aspects of arbitration agreements. Understand how arbitration serves as a private dispute resolution mechanism and its significance in international business transactions.

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