49 Questions
Which freedom of the Air will be exercised for a flight that requires a Technical landing in a neighboring state?
2nd freedom
Who ratifies the objectives of ICAO?
Chicago convention 1944
By which international convention was the International Civil Aviation Organisation (I.C.A.O.) established?
Chicago
Which body of ICAO finalizes the Standard and Recommended Practices (SARPS) for submission for adoption?
The Air Navigation Commission
Which convention deals with the limitation of the operator's responsibility vis-à-vis passengers and goods transported?
The Warsaw Convention
What is the denunciation process for the Convention of Montreal?
Requires written notification to the depositary governments
Which convention defines rules relative to the responsibilities of international air carriers for the carriage of passengers, baggage, and freight?
The Montreal Convention
What is 'cabotage' in the context of aviation law?
Domestic air services by a foreign air carrier
Which convention deals with offenses and certain acts committed on board aircraft?
The Tokyo Convention
What is the second freedom of the air?
The right to land for non-traffic purposes
What must member states do regarding the 'Standards' in the Annexes to the Chicago Convention?
They are binding unless member states have notified ICAO about a national difference
How can a contracting state denounce the Convention of Tokyo?
By notification addressed to the other Contracting States
What is the first freedom of the air?
The right to carry passengers between two foreign countries
What is the responsibility of the aircraft commander if a person has committed or is about to commit an offense against penal law on board the aircraft?
May deliver such person to the competent authorities
What does ICAO need to be informed about regarding differences from the standards in any of the Annexes to the Chicago Convention?
ICAO must be informed about all differences from the standards
What is the denunciation process for the Convention of Warsaw?
Requires unanimous agreement from all member states
What is the minimum required height of marks under the wings of heavier than air aircraft?
50 centimetres
Who assigns the registration mark for aircraft?
State of registry
How is the common mark selected for an aircraft?
Accepted by the International Civil Aviation Organisation
What does the period of validity for a proficiency check of a pilot depend on?
Previous check date
What is the minimum required height of marks on the fuselage and vertical tail surfaces of heavier than air aircraft?
30 centimetres
Who makes the common mark assignment for aircraft?
State of registry
What does the common mark for an aircraft represent?
State of registry
What determines the period of validity for a proficiency check of a pilot?
Previous check date
What can the prescribed re-examination of a license holder be deferred based on?
Type of operations
What determines the validity of a license issued by one contracting state when rendered valid by another state?
Period of validity of the license
What does Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention contain?
Minimum specifications for a crew license to have international validity
What are the requirements specified for in Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention?
Flight crew qualifications
What is the minimum required cross-country flight time for a commercial pilot license in airplanes?
20 hours
How many hours of instrument time are required for an Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL) applicant?
75 hours
What is the minimum flight time requirement for an ATPL applicant as pilot-in-command or co-pilot?
200 hours
What is the maximum credit of flight time in a synthetic flight trainer that may be accepted for an ATPL applicant?
100 hours
What type of medical assessment is required for applicants of a commercial pilot license?
Class I, II, or III
What is the minimum distance requirement for cross-country flight time for a commercial pilot license?
540 km (300NM)
What must an applicant for an instrument rating with a private or commercial pilot license have completed?
A specified amount of cross-country flight time
Under what circumstances may a medical examination be deferred?
At the discretion of the licensing authority
What is the minimum required flight time for an ATPL applicant with supervision?
200 hours
What is the minimum required flight time for a night flight for an ATPL applicant?
100 hours
What is the minimum distance requirement for cross-country flight time for an ATPL applicant?
540 km (300NM)
What is the minimum number of hours required for an ATPL applicant's instrument time?
75 hours
How often is the medical examination frequency reduced for pilots of aircraft transport licenses for aeroplanes and helicopters after they pass their 40th birthday?
From 12 months to 6 months
How many hours of night flight time, including take-offs and landings, should an applicant for a commercial pilot license for aeroplanes have completed to exercise the license privileges at night?
5 hours of night flight time, including 5 take-offs and 5 landings
What is the validity period of a Class 2 medical certificate for private pilots until the age of 30?
60 months
How many hours of flight time, with a specified number as pilot in command, should an applicant for a commercial pilot license for aeroplanes have completed?
200 hours of flight time, with 70 hours as pilot in command
What is the validity period of a Class 2 medical certificate for private pilots after the age of 40?
24 months
What is the maximum number of hours of instrument ground time an applicant for a commercial pilot license should have completed?
10 hours
How often is the medical assessment currency based on the date of issuance or renewal of the license for pilots?
Based on the date the medical assessment is issued or the license is issued, renewed, or delivered
What are type ratings established for, according to the regulations?
For aircraft certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots and each type of helicopter
At what age is the medical assessment frequency reduced for pilots of aircraft transport licenses for aeroplanes and helicopters?
After passing the 40th birthday
Study Notes
International Aviation Law Conventions and Obligations
- The 'Standards' in the Annexes to the Chicago Convention are binding for member states unless they have notified ICAO about a national difference.
- ICAO must be informed about differences from the standards in any of the Annexes to the convention.
- The Warsaw Convention and later amendments deal with the limitation of the operator's responsibility vis-à-vis passengers and goods transported.
- Any contracting state may denounce the Convention of Montreal by written notification to the depositary governments, and the denunciation shall take effect 6 months following the date of notification.
- The aircraft commander, with reasonable grounds to believe that a person has committed or is about to commit an offense against penal law on board the aircraft, may deliver such person to the competent authorities.
- Any contracting state may denounce the Convention of Tokyo by notification addressed to the other Contracting States.
- The convention on offenses and certain acts committed on board aircraft is the convention of Tokyo.
- "Cabotage" refers to domestic air services by a national air carrier.
- The second freedom of the air is the right to overfly without landing.
- The first freedom of the air is the right to overfly without landing.
- The convention that deals with offenses against penal law is the convention of Tokyo.
- The Montreal Convention defines rules relative to the responsibilities of international air carriers for the carriage of passengers, baggage, and freight.
JAR-FCL Regulations Summary
- The duration of the period of currency of a medical assessment is based on the date the medical assessment is issued or the license is issued, renewed, or delivered to the pilot.
- When a contracting state validates a license issued by another state, the validity of the authorization cannot extend beyond the period of validity of the license.
- After pilots of aircraft transport licenses for aeroplanes and helicopters pass their 40th birthday, the medical examination frequency is reduced from 12 months to 6 months.
- Type ratings are established for any type of aircraft when considered necessary by the authority, but only for aircraft certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots and each type of helicopter.
- The holder of a pilot license, when acting as co-pilot, performing under the supervision of the pilot in command, is entitled to be credited 50% of his flight time towards the total time required for a higher grade of pilot license.
- For a commercial pilot license for aeroplanes, the applicant should have completed at least 5 hours of night flight time, including 5 take-offs and 5 landings as pilot in command if the privileges of the license are to be exercised at night.
- An applicant for a commercial pilot license for aeroplanes should have completed at least 200 hours of flight time, with 70 hours as pilot in command.
- An applicant for a commercial pilot license should have completed at least 20 hours of instrument instruction time, of which not more than 10 hours may be instrument ground time.
- The International Civil Aviation Convention Annex containing standards and recommended practices for Personnel Licensing is Annex 1.
- At the discretion of the Authority of that Member State concerned, a license validity may be extended for a period not exceeding one year, provided that the basic license remains valid.
- A Class 2 medical certificate for private pilots will be valid for 60 months until the age of 30, 24 months until the age of 40, and 12 months thereafter.
- An applicant for a CPL (A) who has completed an integrated flying training course should have completed at least 200 hours of flight time plus 10 hours of instrument ground time as a pilot of aeroplanes with a certificate of airworthiness issued or accepted by a JAA Member State.
Test your knowledge of International Aviation Law Conventions and JAR-FCL Regulations with this quiz. Explore key obligations, responsibilities, and provisions related to aviation law, including the Chicago Convention, Warsaw Convention, Montreal Convention, and JAR-FCL regulations.
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