Intermolecular Forces in Solids and Liquids
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Questions and Answers

Why do solids have strong intermolecular forces?

  • Due to weak bonds between particles
  • Because the particles are tightly packed together (correct)
  • Because the particles are far apart
  • Due to the high kinetic energy of particles

    • Why do liquids have intermediate boiling and melting points?

  • Due to the close proximity of particles (correct)
  • Due to weak intermolecular forces
  • Because they have very high kinetic energy
  • Because the particles are freely moving

    • Why do gases have much lower boiling and melting points compared to solids and liquids?

  • Due to the weak intermolecular forces in gases (correct)
  • Because gases are tightly packed together
  • Because gases have high kinetic energy
  • Due to strong intermolecular forces

    • What is the fundamental unit of matter composed of two or more atoms bound together by chemical bonds?

    <p>Molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how fast and freely molecules move within a substance?

    <p>Kinetic Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do gases allow molecules to move freely with only occasional collisions between them?

    <p>Because gases have very weak intermolecular forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key discovery made by James Chadwick that led to him being awarded the Nobel Prize?

    <p>The discovery of uncharged particles with a mass close to that of a proton, called neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the atomic number (Z) and the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom?

    <p>The atomic number is equal to the number of protons and the number of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the mass number (A) and the number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

    <p>The mass number (A) is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key discovery made by Ernest Rutherford in his gold foil experiment?

    <p>The existence of the nucleus, a dense, positively charged core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a titanium atom with an atomic number of 22 and a mass number of 48?

    <p>4+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between protons, neutrons, and nucleons in an atom?

    <p>Protons and neutrons are both small but massive, and their masses are nearly equal. Protons and neutrons are called nucleons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential component of water?

    <p>Hydrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the continuous movement of water in the biosphere called?

    <p>Both b and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when energy increases during a phase change?

    <p>Particles move faster and spread out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of turning water vapor into liquid water called?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of precipitation?

    <p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor affects the ionization energy of an element?

    <p>Shielding of Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does larger atomic size affect reactivity?

    <p>Lowers it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do elements with lower ionization energies exhibit higher reactivity?

    <p>They experience weaker attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between electronegativity and reactivity?

    <p>Higher electronegativity, higher reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the distance of valence electrons from the nucleus affect reactivity?

    <p>Lowers it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes elements with lower ionization energies regarding electron removal?

    <p>They lose electrons easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Greek origin of the word 'atom'?

    <p>Indivisible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ion has more protons than electrons?

    <p>Cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between isotopes and ions?

    <p>Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, while ions gain or lose electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle dictates that electrons occupy orbitals with lower energies before higher energy orbitals?

    <p>Aufbau Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the high probability of finding electrons in an atom?

    <p>Energy Level Orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In atomic electron configuration notation, what does '1s² 2s² 2p²' represent for Carbon?

    <p>$C$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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