Intermolecular Forces in Solids and Liquids

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Questions and Answers

Why do solids have strong intermolecular forces?

  • Due to weak bonds between particles
  • Because the particles are tightly packed together (correct)
  • Because the particles are far apart
  • Due to the high kinetic energy of particles

Why do liquids have intermediate boiling and melting points?

  • Due to the close proximity of particles (correct)
  • Due to weak intermolecular forces
  • Because they have very high kinetic energy
  • Because the particles are freely moving

Why do gases have much lower boiling and melting points compared to solids and liquids?

  • Due to the weak intermolecular forces in gases (correct)
  • Because gases are tightly packed together
  • Because gases have high kinetic energy
  • Due to strong intermolecular forces

What is the fundamental unit of matter composed of two or more atoms bound together by chemical bonds?

<p>Molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines how fast and freely molecules move within a substance?

<p>Kinetic Energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do gases allow molecules to move freely with only occasional collisions between them?

<p>Because gases have very weak intermolecular forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key discovery made by James Chadwick that led to him being awarded the Nobel Prize?

<p>The discovery of uncharged particles with a mass close to that of a proton, called neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the atomic number (Z) and the number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom?

<p>The atomic number is equal to the number of protons and the number of electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mass number (A) and the number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

<p>The mass number (A) is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key discovery made by Ernest Rutherford in his gold foil experiment?

<p>The existence of the nucleus, a dense, positively charged core (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a titanium atom with an atomic number of 22 and a mass number of 48?

<p>4+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between protons, neutrons, and nucleons in an atom?

<p>Protons and neutrons are both small but massive, and their masses are nearly equal. Protons and neutrons are called nucleons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential component of water?

<p>Hydrogen and oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?

<p>70% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the continuous movement of water in the biosphere called?

<p>Both b and c (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when energy increases during a phase change?

<p>Particles move faster and spread out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of turning water vapor into liquid water called?

<p>Condensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of precipitation?

<p>Rain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the ionization energy of an element?

<p>Shielding of Electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does larger atomic size affect reactivity?

<p>Lowers it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do elements with lower ionization energies exhibit higher reactivity?

<p>They experience weaker attraction between the nucleus and valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between electronegativity and reactivity?

<p>Higher electronegativity, higher reactivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the distance of valence electrons from the nucleus affect reactivity?

<p>Lowers it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes elements with lower ionization energies regarding electron removal?

<p>They lose electrons easily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Greek origin of the word 'atom'?

<p>Indivisible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ion has more protons than electrons?

<p>Cation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between isotopes and ions?

<p>Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, while ions gain or lose electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle dictates that electrons occupy orbitals with lower energies before higher energy orbitals?

<p>Aufbau Principle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the high probability of finding electrons in an atom?

<p>Energy Level Orbits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In atomic electron configuration notation, what does '1s² 2s² 2p²' represent for Carbon?

<p>$C$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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