Chem 1 Test 4 Quiz Gecko Set

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Questions and Answers

Which is stronger: chemical bonds or intermolecular forces?

  • It depends on the type of bond
  • Chemical bonds (correct)
  • Intermolecular forces
  • Both are equally strong

What are the three types of intermolecular forces listed from weakest to strongest?

  • Dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, London dispersion
  • Hydrogen bonding, London dispersion, dipole-dipole
  • London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding (correct)
  • Dipole-dipole, London dispersion, hydrogen bonding

Which type of molecules exhibit London dispersion forces?

  • Only polar molecules
  • Only molecules with hydrogen bonding
  • All molecules (correct)
  • Only nonpolar molecules

How does molecular size affect dispersion forces?

<p>Larger molecules have greater dispersion forces. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of molecular shape on dispersion forces?

<p>More compact shapes have weaker dispersion forces. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules exhibit dipole-dipole forces?

<p>Polar molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hydrogen bonding?

<p>A special dipole-dipole interaction involving N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule does NOT exhibit hydrogen bonding?

<p>H3CFH3CFH3CF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surface tension?

<p>The energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to surface tension as intermolecular forces increase?

<p>Surface tension increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is capillary action?

<p>The movement of liquid through a tube due to cohesive and adhesive forces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of meniscus forms when cohesive forces are stronger?

<p>Convex (hill) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is vapor pressure?

<p>The pressure of gas molecules above the surface of a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is vapor pressure related to boiling point?

<p>A liquid boils when its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the boiling point of a liquid at high altitude?

<p>It decreases due to lower atmospheric pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following decreases as intermolecular forces increase?

<p>Vapor pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a phase diagram?

<p>A graph with pressure on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a heating curve?

<p>A graph showing temperature changes at constant pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are liquid crystals?

<p>A state between liquid and solid, where molecules have solid organization but liquid properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules will exhibit the strongest intermolecular forces?

<p>H2OH2OH2O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule exhibits dipole-dipole interactions but not hydrogen bonding?

<p>HClHClHCl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to dispersion forces as the shape of a molecule becomes more compact?

<p>Dispersion forces decrease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does boiling point change as intermolecular forces increase?

<p>It increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does H3CFH3CFH3CF not exhibit hydrogen bonding?

<p>The hydrogen and fluorine atoms are not bonded together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure (PPP) of a gas when the volume (VVV) is increased, while temperature is held constant?

<p>PPP decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure (PPP) when the volume (VVV) is decreased at constant temperature?

<p>PPP increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Boyle's Law describes the relationship between which two variables?

<p>Pressure and volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical equation for Boyle's Law?

<p>P1V1=P2V2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are pressure (PPP) and volume (VVV) directly or indirectly proportional according to Boyle's Law?

<p>Indirectly proportional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume (VVV) of a gas when the temperature (TTT) is increased, while pressure is held constant?

<p>VVV increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume (VVV) when the temperature (TTT) is decreased at constant pressure?

<p>VVV decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Charles' Law describes the relationship between which two variables?

<p>Volume and temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical equation for Charles' Law?

<p>V1T1=V2T2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are volume (VVV) and temperature (TTT) directly or indirectly proportional according to Charles' Law?

<p>Directly proportional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure (PPP) of a gas when the temperature (TTT) is increased, while volume is held constant?

<p>PPP increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure (PPP) when the temperature (TTT) is decreased at constant volume?

<p>PPP decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gay-Lussac's Law describes the relationship between which two variables?

<p>Pressure and temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical equation for Gay-Lussac's Law?

<p>P1T1=P2T2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are pressure (PPP) and temperature (TTT) directly or indirectly proportional according to Gay-Lussac's Law?

<p>Directly proportional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the volume (VVV) of a gas when the number of particles (nnn) is increased, while pressure and temperature are held constant?

<p>VVV increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Avogadro's Law describes the relationship between which two variables?

<p>Volume and number of particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical equation for Avogadro's Law?

<p>V1n1=V2n2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are volume (VVV) and the number of particles (nnn) directly or indirectly proportional according to Avogadro's Law?

<p>Directly proportional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the speed of gas particles as temperature increases?

<p>Speed increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemical Bonds vs. Intermolecular Forces

Chemical bonds are stronger than intermolecular forces.

London Dispersion Forces

Weakest intermolecular force, present in all molecules.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Intermolecular force in polar molecules with permanent charge imbalances.

Hydrogen Bonding

Strongest intermolecular force, special type of dipole-dipole involving N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds.

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Molecular Size & Dispersion Forces

Larger molecules have greater dispersion forces.

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Molecular Shape & Dispersion Forces

More compact shapes have greater dispersion forces.

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Dipole-Dipole Molecules

Polar molecules exhibiting dipole-dipole forces.

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Hydrogen Bonding Explanation

Special dipole-dipole interaction (N-H, O-H, or F-H).

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Surface Tension

Energy to decrease liquid surface area.

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Surface Tension & Intermolecular Forces

Higher intermolecular forces lead to higher surface tension.

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Capillary Action

Movement of liquid in narrow tubes due to cohesive and adhesive forces.

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Convex Meniscus

Curve that forms when cohesive forces are stronger than adhesive forces.

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Vapor Pressure

Pressure exerted by gas molecules above a liquid.

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Vapor Pressure & Boiling Point

Boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

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High Altitude Boiling

Lower atmospheric pressure leads to lower boiling points.

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Intermolecular Forces & Vapor Pressure

Stronger forces mean lower vapor pressure.

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Intermolecular Forces & Boiling Point

Stronger forces lead to higher boiling points.

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Phase Diagram

Graph showing phases of a substance at various temps and pressures.

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Heating Curves

Graph illustrating temperature changes during heating.

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Liquid Crystals

Intermediate state between liquid and solid.

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Strongest Intermolecular Forces

Hydrogen bonding generally exhibits the strongest forces.

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Dipole-Dipole without Hydrogen Bonding

Molecules with polarity and dipole-dipole interactions but not hydrogen bonds.

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Compact Shape & Dispersion Forces

Compact molecules have weaker dispersion forces.

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Boiling Point and Intermolecular Forces

Higher intermolecular forces lead to higher boiling points.

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No Hydrogen Bonding Explanation

Absence of N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds prevents hydrogen bonding.

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Study Notes

Intermolecular Forces and Properties of Liquids

  • Chemical bonds are stronger than intermolecular forces
  • Three types of intermolecular forces (weakest to strongest): London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding
  • London Dispersion Forces are exhibited by all molecules, stronger with larger molecules/more surface area.
  • Dipole-dipole forces are exhibited by polar molecules.
  • Hydrogen bonding is a special dipole-dipole interaction involving N-H, O-H, or F-H bonds. The strongest intermolecular force.
  • Molecular Shape affects dispersion forces; more compact shapes have stronger dispersion forces.
  • Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid. It increases with stronger intermolecular forces.

Effect of Intermolecular Forces on Properties

  • Boiling point increases with stronger intermolecular forces
  • Vapor pressure decreases with stronger intermolecular forces
  • Increased altitude results in lowered atmospheric pressure, decreasing the boiling point of liquids.

Phase Diagrams and Heating Curves

  • Phase diagrams show the different phases of a substance at various temperatures and pressures.
  • Heating curves show the temperature changes of a substance as heat is added.

Gas Laws

  • Boyle's Law: Pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature (P1V1=P2V2P_1V_1 = P_2V_2P1​V1​=P2​V2​)
  • Charles' Law: Volume and temperature are directly proportional at constant pressure (V1/T1=V2/T2V_1/T_1 = V_2/T_2V1​/T1​=V2​/T2​)
  • Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure and temperature are directly proportional at constant volume (P1/T1=P2/T2P_1/T_1 = P_2/T_2P1​/T1​=P2​/T2​)
  • Avogadro's Law: Volume and number of particles are directly proportional at constant pressure and temperature (V1/n1=V2/n2V_1/n_1 = V_2/n_2V1​/n1​=V2​/n2​).

Particle Behavior

  • Gas particle speed increases with increasing temperature.

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