Intercultural Communication in Academia

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Questions and Answers

What has contributed to the growth of intercultural communication in university departments?

The decline of global trade relationships

The increase in textbooks on intercultural communication (correct)

A shift towards individualism in communication studies

The focus on local cultural studies

Which scholar is cited as the second most-cited author in intercultural communication?

William B. Gudykunst

John C. Condon

Clifford Clarke

Edward T. Hall (correct)

What major cultural aspect was emphasized in the study of U.S./Japanese communication behavior?

Language proficiency differences

Historical conflicts

Technology adaptation

Individualism versus collectivism (correct)

Which factor is NOT mentioned as a reason for the extensive study of Japanese/American communication?

The cultural similarities between the two nations Signup and view all the answers

Who among the following had a personal life experience that influenced their research on intercultural communication?

William B. Gudykunst Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication style is characterized by reliance on contextual cues?

High-context communication Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the first focuses of American and Japanese scholars studying intercultural communication?

Self-disclosure practices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes Hall's impact on intercultural communication?

He ranks among the most influential figures in intercultural communication. Signup and view all the answers

What was one reason intercultural communication became a sub-field of communication study instead of anthropology?

Hall lacked a significant number of Ph.D. students in anthropology. Signup and view all the answers

During which years did Hall teach at the Illinois Institute of Technology?

1963-1967 Signup and view all the answers

What aspects of communication did Hall primarily research during his academic career?

Nonverbal communication. Signup and view all the answers

What role did Ph.D. students play in the establishment of new fields of study according to the content?

They played an important role in establishing and advancing the field. Signup and view all the answers

What hindered Hall from establishing academic followers in his field?

He did not offer graduate programs. Signup and view all the answers

What significant publication marked the early appearance of intercultural communication as part of communication study?

Communication and Culture. Signup and view all the answers

When did Hall retire from full-time university teaching?

1977 Signup and view all the answers

What was Hall's perception of his role in establishing the field of intercultural communication?

He did not see it as his responsibility. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Japanese 'vertical' sense of intercultural relations primarily signify?

Perceived inferiority toward high-income countries and superiority toward low-income countries Signup and view all the answers

Which theorists established a foundational paradigm for intercultural communication?

Edward T. Hall and George L. Trager Signup and view all the answers

What year marked the beginning of scholarly attention to intercultural communication in Japan?

1966 Signup and view all the answers

What challenge was identified regarding Japanese intercultural communication?

Generating new approaches to understanding intercultural influence Signup and view all the answers

Who authored the book 'Public and Private Self in Japan and the United States'?

Dean C. Barnlund Signup and view all the answers

Which two countries have seen the most studies on intercultural communication according to the content?

Japan and the United States Signup and view all the answers

Where was the original field of intercultural communication developed?

Within government training institutes for diplomats Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic of Japanese intercultural communication as identified in various studies?

It has numerous similarities with Western approaches Signup and view all the answers

What was a major influence on the conceptualizations of nonverbal communication in Japan?

Edward T. Hall's paradigm Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the conferences held in Japan that led to influential publications?

Intercultural communication Signup and view all the answers

What primary influence did the Foreign Service Institute's training methods leave on modern intercultural communication?

The adoption of participatory training methods Signup and view all the answers

Which publication is associated with John C. Condon and Mitsuko Saito in 1974?

Intercultural Encounters with Japan Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'linguistic relativity' refer to in the context of intercultural communication?

The theory that the language one speaks influences one's perception of the world Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding intercultural communication in Japan is NOT true?

Intercultural communication theories are only applied from American scholars. Signup and view all the answers

Why have many studies focused on Japanese/American intercultural communication?

Due to stark cultural differences Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant intellectual influence on the field of intercultural communication in Japan?

The Silent Language by Hall Signup and view all the answers

Which researcher contributed to the understanding of Japanese nonverbal communication behavior?

Satoshi Ishii Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of William B. Hart's 1996 paper presented at the Speech Communication Association?

A Brief History of Intercultural Communication Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Kazuhiro Hirai focus on in his 1987 article?

Similarity-oriented framework Signup and view all the answers

Which publication features the SIETAR Survey on social sciences and intercultural communication?

International Journal of Intercultural Relations Signup and view all the answers

What key theme is explored in Ishii's 1984 article 'Enryo-Sasshi Communication'?

Understanding Japanese interpersonal relations Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant contribution of Boasian anthropology to intercultural relations as discussed by Hart?

Cultural relativism frameworks Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Kazuhiro Hirai publish his article on what to teach in intercultural communication education?

1988 Signup and view all the answers

Who authored the dissertation titled 'The Historical Contribution of Boasian Anthropology to the Interdiscipline of Intercultural Relations'?

William B. Hart Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Why Is Intercultural Communication Studied in Communication Departments and Not Anthropology?

Edward T. Hall, a key figure in intercultural communication, prioritized research over establishing the field within a specific academic department.
Hall didn't actively promote the institutionalization of intercultural communication within anthropology departments.
Hall lacked a large number of Ph.D. students in anthropology who could have continued research efforts within the field.

Intercultural Communication's Emergence in Communication Departments

In the 1960s and 1970s, communication scholars expanded upon Hall’s work and brought intercultural communication into the realm of communication studies through books like Alfred Smith's "Communication and Culture" (1966).
Over the past four decades, the field has primarily grown within universities and communication departments.
Hall's work, however, has remained influential, as books and studies continue to cite him.

Japan's Role in Intercultural Studies

The United States and Japan became the focus of many studies of intercultural communication due to the countries' economic ties and personnel exchanges.
Several influential communication scholars, like John C. Condon, William B. Gudykunst, and Clifford Clarke, had significant experiences with Japanese/American communication, influencing their research and writing.
Numerous studies have shown that while Hall's theories and behaviors have had a significant impact in Japanese intercultural communication, there are many unique aspects to Japanese communication.

Edward T. Hall's Paradigm in Intercultural Communication

Hall, in collaboration with linguist George L. Trager, established a paradigm for intercultural communication in the 1950s, influenced by the Whorf-Sapir theory of linguistic relativity and Freudian psychoanalytic theory.
Hall and Trager shared their expertise at a government training institute in Washington, D.C.
Hall's paradigm has significantly impacted nonverbal communication in Japan and broader conceptualizations of the field.

Importance of the Foreign Service Institute (FSI)

The FSI played a crucial role in the development of intercultural communication in the 1950s. This influence can be seen in current intercultural communication training methods that, in part, stem from the FSI's participatory training techniques.
In Japan, the study of intercultural communication gained traction in 1966 with the Japanese translation of Hall's "The Silent Language".
Influential books by Condon and Saito (1974, 1976) further expanded the field in Japan, often stemming from conferences on intercultural communication held in Japan.
Japan has seen a rise in intercultural communication studies focusing on Japanese/American interactions, potentially because of the stark cultural differences and increasing contact between both populations, especially in business.

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Description

Explore the reasons why intercultural communication is focused in communication departments rather than anthropology. This quiz delves into the historical context and the influence of Edward T. Hall's research, highlighting key developments in the field. Understand how communication scholars expanded upon Hall’s work in the evolving academic landscape.