Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a contextualization cue in communication?
What does implicature refer to in the theory of communication?
In Māori culture, what is an essential aspect of effective communication?
Which example best illustrates the concept of 'brought along' in conversational inference?
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Which of the following statements best describes the function of contextualization cues?
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How is a polite apology typically conveyed in conversation?
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What role does codeswitching play in conversation?
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Which example illustrates presuppositions in inferencing?
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What role do contextualization cues play in communication?
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What does implicature refer to in the context of discourse?
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Which aspect of communication in Māori culture is emphasized?
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How do inferences in conversation affect communication?
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What is a politeness strategy in discourse?
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What common issue arises from a pragmatic mismatch in communication?
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How can style clash influence conversation dynamics?
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Which phrase best relates to how context affects communication?
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What is the primary issue that the NS experienced when communicating with the NNS?
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What does the phrase 'contextualization cues' refer to in conversation?
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In the context of Implicature Theory, what is an implicature?
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Which of the following is a politeness strategy used in discourse?
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What effect did the lengthy travels described by the NS have on their communication?
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Which of the following best exemplifies inferences in conversation?
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How might communication differ in Māori culture compared to others?
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What can be inferred from the NS's comment about feeling like they're in an interview?
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Study Notes
Intercultural Communication: Misunderstanding in Discourse
- Miscommunication can stem from various factors highlighted in Zhu Hua’s analysis.
- Key causes include linguistic proficiency, pragmatic mismatches, and contextualization cues.
Causes of Miscommunication
- Linguistic Proficiency: Essential for understanding and expressing ideas clearly. Refer to related work for more insights.
- Pragmatic Mismatch: Situations where the same culture has different communicative intentions, leading to misunderstandings in interpretations.
- Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Refers to sociolinguistic failures when interactions cross cultural boundaries, often causing misinterpretation.
Pragmatic Aspects of Communication
- Locutionary Act: The literal words spoken (e.g., “Where are your boots?”).
- Illocutionary Act: The intended meaning or command behind the statement (e.g., suggesting the child put on boots).
- Perlocutionary Act: The actual outcome of the communication (e.g., the child puts on the boots).
Style Clash and Cultural Contexts
- Differences in interaction styles (e.g., high involvement vs. low involvement speakers) can result in misinterpretations.
- A lack of understanding can be illustrated by an African American customer experience with Korean shopkeepers, highlighting contextual negotiation challenges.
Contextualization Cues
- Various cues shape communication, such as stress, pitch, eye contact, and body language, which can lead to misunderstanding if misinterpreted.
- Beliefs about behaviors, like smiling when apologizing, can cause miscommunication if the contextual inference isn't shared.
Inferences and Implicature
- Examples of conversational exchanges show the complexity of inference, such as when a husband asks about the newspaper and the wife insists on retrieving it.
- Different conversational implicatures depend on shared schemas derived from cultural norms and community conventions.
Interaction Dynamics
- The dynamics of interaction in multicultural settings may showcase frustration due to differences in backchannel responses.
- Schema clash occurs during introductions when expectations of dialogue vary significantly across cultures.
Practical Applications
- Understanding contextualization cues can facilitate better communication and align interactions effectively.
- Identifying variations in discourse expectations may help mitigate misunderstandings in diverse settings, fostering effective intercultural communication.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of intercultural communication with a focus on misunderstandings in discourse. This quiz will delve into Zhu Hua's insights from Chapter 8, discussing the factors that contribute to successful communication. Engage with the material to better understand the complexities of communication across cultures.