أسئلة الـ IC vessels (ريتين ثانية أناتومي)

They end in the internal thoracic vein.

They form the superior intercostal vein, which drains into the arch of Azygous on the right side and the left brachiocephalic on the left side.

They end in the Azygous vein.

<p>They end in the vena commitant of the musclophrenic artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They end in the superior hemiazygous vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The left 4th to 8th posterior intercostal veins contribute to the formation of the superior hemiazygous vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inferior hemiazygous vein crosses the midline at the level of T8.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The azygous vein originates from the back of the inferior vena cava at the renal vein level (L2).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The right superior intercostal vein and the esophageal veins are tributaries of the azygous vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inferior hemiazygous vein terminates in the azygous vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The internal thoracic artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The perforating branches of the internal thoracic artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are 2 anterior intercostal arteries in each of the upper 6 intercostal spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They arise from the musclo-phrenic artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They originate from the superior intercostal artery, a branch of the costo-cervical trunk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The descending thoracic aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It terminates in the 6th intercostal space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The posterior intercostal arteries and their collateral branches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It begins as a continuation of the left 4th posterior intercostal vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inferior hemiazygous vein forms from the union of the left subcostal and left ascending lumbar veins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enters through the aortic orifice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It terminates in the superior vena cava at the level of the sternal angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 1st posterior intercostal vein drains directly into the corresponding brachiocephalic vein, while the 2nd and 3rd posterior intercostal veins form the superior intercostal vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They end in the left brachiocephalic vein via the superior intercostal vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The internal thoracic vein ends in the brachiocephalic vein, which is significant for returning blood from the anterior thoracic wall to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The upper 6 anterior intercostal veins drain into the internal thoracic vein, while the lower 3 anterior intercostal veins terminate in the venae comitantes of the musclophrenic artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleura, pericardium, and diaphragm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have three branches: dorsal branches to the spinal cord and back muscles, muscular branches to surrounding muscles, and right bronchial to the right bronchus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It arises from the 1st part of the subclavian artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It pierces the diaphragm through a minor opening to supply blood to the upper abdominal wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They originate from the musclo-phrenic artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They supply the medial side of the breast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They originate from the upper 6 intercostal spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They anastomose with each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lower 3 anterior intercostal veins drain into the vena commitant of the musculophrenic artery.

The upper 6 anterior intercostal veins drain into the internal thoracic vein.

The first posterior intercostal vein drains directly into the corresponding brachiocephalic vein.

The second and third posterior intercostal veins join to form the superior intercostal vein, which drains into the arch of the azygous vein on the right side and into the left brachiocephalic vein on the left side.

The right 4th to 11th posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygous vein on the right. The left 4th to 8th posterior intercostal veins drain into the superior hemiazygous vein on the left.

The Internal thoracic artery is a major blood vessel that runs down the chest, supplying vital structures like the breast muscles and the heart.

It arises from the subclavian artery and descends behind the clavicle, branching into several arteries that serve the chest wall, diaphragm, and even the abdominal wall.

The internal thoracic artery gives off several branches that supply various tissues and organs. These branches include:

• Perforating branches: Supply the medial side of the breast
• Pericardiophrenic artery: Supplies the pleura (lining of the lungs), pericardium (sac surrounding the heart), and diaphragm.
• Anterior intercostal arteries (upper 6): Supply the upper 6 intercostal spaces (spaces between the ribs)
• Superior epigastric artery: Supplies the upper abdominal wall
• Musculophrenic artery: Supplies the lower 3 intercostal spaces, diaphragm, and abdominal wall.

The anterior intercostal arteries are a pair of arteries that run between the ribs. They ensure adequate blood flow to the intercostal spaces.

These arteries originate from either the internal thoracic artery or the musculophrenic artery, depending on their position within the chest.

The posterior intercostal arteries are a series of arteries that course along the back, supplying the muscles and structures of the dorsal region. They originate from the superior intercostal artery for the upper two spaces, while the lower 9 receive their blood supply from the descending thoracic aorta.

The anterior and posterior intercostal arteries connect with each other, creating a network that ensures a continuous supply of blood to the chest wall.

The posterior intercostal arteries have several branches that distribute blood to different locations in the back. These branches include:

• Dorsal branches: Supply the spinal cord and muscles of the back
• Muscular branches: Supply the surrounding muscles
• Right bronchial branch (from the right 3rd posterior intercostal artery): Supplies the right lung.

The superior intercostal artery is a small artery that arises from the costo-cervical trunk of the subclavian artery. It mainly provides blood to the first and second intercostal spaces.

The descending thoracic aorta is a large artery that provides blood to various structures in the chest and abdomen.

The descending thoracic aorta gives rise to the lower 9 posterior intercostal arteries, ensuring adequate blood supply to the lower intercostal spaces.

The inferior hemiazygous vein is formed by the union of the left subcostal vein and the left ascending lumbar vein. It then ascends through the minor opening of the diaphragm and crosses the midline at the level of T8 in the posterior mediastinum. Finally, it terminates in the azygous vein.

The superior hemiazygous vein is a continuation of the left 4th posterior intercostal vein. It crosses the midline at the level of T8 in the posterior mediastinum and terminates in the azygous vein. It receives tributaries from the left 4th to 8th posterior intercostal veins and the left bronchial vein.

The azygous vein originates from the union of the right subcostal vein and the right ascending lumbar vein. It enters the thorax through the aortic orifice and moves through the posterior mediastinum before arching above the right lung root in the superior mediastinum. Finally, it terminates in the superior vena cava at the sternal angle level.

The inferior hemiazygous vein receives blood from the left 9th to 11th posterior intercostal veins, as well as the left subcostal vein and the left ascending lumbar vein.

The azygous vein receives blood from the right superior intercostal veins, right 4th to 11th posterior intercostal veins, right subcostal vein, right ascending lumbar vein, pericardial vein, esophageal vein, right bronchial vein, and the hemiazygous veins (both superior and inferior).

The upper six anterior intercostal veins drain into the internal thoracic vein, which then merges with the brachiocephalic vein.

The lower three anterior intercostal veins drain into the vena commitant of the musculophrenic artery.

The first posterior intercostal vein drains directly into the corresponding brachiocephalic vein on the same side.

The right 4th to 11th posterior intercostal veins drain into the azygous vein, while the left 4th to 8th posterior intercostal veins drain into the superior hemiazygous vein.

The internal thoracic artery arises from the first part of the subclavian artery and descends behind the clavicle, supplying structures like the breast muscles and the heart.

The internal thoracic artery gives off branches to the mediastinum (space around the heart), anterior chest wall, and upper abdominal region. These include the perforating, pericardiophrenic, anterior intercostal, superior epigastric, and musculophrenic arteries.

The anterior intercostal arteries supply blood to the intercostal spaces (spaces between the ribs), running along the inside of the rib cage. They are crucial for providing oxygen and nutrients to the muscles and structures of the chest wall.

The posterior intercostal arteries are located on the back of the rib cage, supplying blood to the muscles and structures of the back. They originate from different sources depending on their location. The upper two originate from the superior intercostal artery, while the lower nine arise from the descending thoracic aorta.

The anterior and posterior intercostal arteries anastomose (connect) with each other, forming a network that ensures a continuous supply of blood to the chest wall. This interconnected circulation provides redundancy and helps maintain proper oxygen and nutrient delivery.

The superior intercostal artery originates from the costo-cervical trunk of the subclavian artery and supplies blood to the first and second intercostal spaces.

The descending thoracic aorta is the major blood vessel in the chest, providing blood to various structures, including the intercostal spaces. The lower nine posterior intercostal arteries branch off from the descending thoracic aorta, ensuring a consistent blood supply to the lower ribs.

The posterior intercostal arteries have several branches that supply the spinal cord, back muscles, and surrounding tissues. These include dorsal branches, muscular branches, and a right bronchial branch.

The "inferior" hemiazygous vein is formed by the union of the left subcostal vein and the left ascending lumbar vein. It travels upwards through the diaphragm and crosses the midline at the level of T8 in the posterior mediastinum before it empties into the azygous vein.

The azygous vein arises from the union of the right subcostal vein and the right ascending lumbar vein. It enters the chest through the aortic opening, passes through the posterior mediastinum, arches over the right lung root, and finally drains into the superior vena cava at the sternal angle.

The superior hemiazygous vein descends from the left 4th posterior intercostal vein, crosses the midline at the level of T8 in the posterior mediastinum, and joins the azygous vein.

The inferior hemiazygous vein receives drainage from the left 9th, 10th, and 11th posterior intercostal veins, the left subcostal vein, and the left ascending lumbar vein.