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Questions and Answers
Why may rib fractures manifest as abdominal pain?
Which vessel drains into the superior vena cava on the right side?
What is the function of the intercostal veins?
Which vein is associated with rib fractures causing abdominal pain on the right side?
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What happens if there is damage to the intercostal arteries?
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Which vessel is not involved in the drainage of the Azygos vein?
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What does the Hemiazygos vein drain into?
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Study Notes
Intercostal Muscles
- The external intercostal muscle is the most superficial layer, elevating the ribs during inspiration.
- The intermediate layer is a flat muscle, originating from the subcostal groove of the rib above and inserted at the upper border of the rib below.
- The posterior part of the intermediate layer is replaced by the posterior (internal) intercostal membrane.
- The interosseous part of the intermediate layer depresses the ribcage, while the interchondral part elevates the ribs.
Intercostal Nerves
- The 7th to 11th intercostal nerves pass into the abdominal wall.
- The anterior ramus of the 12th thoracic nerve lies in the abdomen and runs forward in the abdominal wall as the subcostal nerve.
Clinical Note
- Rib fractures may manifest as abdominal pain.
Intercostal Arteries
- No specific details mentioned.
Intercostal Veins
- Right side: drain into the right Brachiocephalic vein and Azygos vein, which then drains into the superior vena cava.
- Left side: drain into the left Brachiocephalic vein, accessory hemiazygos vein, and hemiazygos vein.
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Description
Learn about the anatomy of the intercostal muscles and their function in forming a protective cage around the chest. Understand the layers of the intercostal muscles, including the external intercostal muscle.
