Interaction possibilities and epistemic motivation quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to epistemic motivation when a person perceives their knowledge as insufficient to make a decision?

  • It increases (correct)
  • It decreases
  • It remains the same
  • It fluctuates

What is the relationship between actual confidence (AC) and sufficiency threshold (ST) in determining epistemic motivation?

  • AC < ST leads to high epistemic motivation (correct)
  • AC < ST leads to low epistemic motivation
  • AC > ST leads to high epistemic motivation
  • AC > ST leads to low epistemic motivation

In group settings, what generally happens to actual confidence (AC) as shared information increases?

  • AC decreases
  • AC remains constant
  • AC increases (correct)
  • AC fluctuates

What is the relationship between epistemic motivation and the need for closure?

<p>They are negatively related (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following variables is NOT correlated with the need for closure according to the text?

<p>Group centeredness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the type of information individuals look for according to the text?

<p>Social motivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do prosocial members differ from proself members in terms of seeking information?

<p>Prosocial members seek cooperative information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been found in the way members encode and retrieve information based on their beliefs?

<p>Differences exist based on whether a member is proself or prosocial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are both motivations seen as a bias?

<p>Self-censorship and withholding information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of members are more likely to take a minority position?

<p>Only proself members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is better at divergent tasks according to the text?

<p>Only proself members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which motivation is associated with withholding information in group discussions?

<p>Social motivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of tasks are proself members better at?

<p>Divergent tasks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is less susceptible to spinning preference-consistent information bias?

<p>Prosocial members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is associated with proself members' tendency to take minority positions?

<p>Independent thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What interaction does the text suggest between social and epistemic motivations?

<p>Interactions that may amplify or diminish social motivation effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of low epistemic motivation, proself, according to the text?

<p>Increase social loafing and free-riding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a situation of low decision urgency and high member input indispensability, what type of motivation paired with mindset generally leads to the highest quality decisions?

<p>High epistemic motivation, prosocial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of high epistemic motivation, proself behavior?

<p>Investing much effort in understanding the situation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of low epistemic motivation, prosocial behavior?

<p>More mentioning of already shared information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior reduces self-censorship according to the text?

<p>High epistemic motivation, prosocial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategy will members with high epistemic motivation and a proself mindset use to get their way?

<p>Lying, deception, and spinning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives a group toward solving the problem in a way that satisfies all group members’ needs?

<p>Low epistemic motivation paired with a prosocial mindset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of low epistemic motivation paired with a proself mindset when decision urgency is high?

<p>The best way to go for making decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is associated with imaginativeness, curiosity, and broadmindedness?

<p>Openness to experience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was conscientiousness negatively related to adaptation in studies?

<p>Due to the dependability part (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for learning in new situations according to the text?

<p>Openness to experience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does member achievement relate to unexpected changes in team performance?

<p>High achievers work harder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of tasks strengthen the relationship between team cognitive ability and team performance?

<p>Unfamiliar tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait is negatively related to unlearning and learning procedures?

<p>Conscientiousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates individuals when they first receive new information?

<p>Self-efficacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do open individuals generally react to new things and changes?

<p>Enjoy them and engage in self-monitoring behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cognitive ability moderates the relationship with team performance?

<p>Task familiarity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is less likely for high-achievement members facing a decrease in effectiveness due to unexpected change?

<p>Work harder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic does not relate to unlearning and learning procedures according to studies?

<p>Conscientiousness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two principles underlying brainstorming?

<p>Deferment of judgment and quality breeds quality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Osborn, why do people fail to be creative?

<p>They prematurely criticize their ideas and give up too quickly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Taylor find about nominal groups compared to interactive groups in terms of productivity?

<p>Nominal groups were twice as productive as interactive groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a plausible cause of process loss during brainstorming?

<p>Motivation losses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major problem identified related to blocking in brainstorming?

<p>Production blocking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did recent evidence suggest about the access to others' ideas in brainstorming?

<p>Access to others' ideas stimulates creativity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal group size suggested by Osborn for performing brainstorming?

<p>12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely consequence of production blocking during brainstorming?

<p>Forgetting generated ideas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can help counteract biased information-sharing in groups?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is groupthink?

<p>A mode of thinking where consensus is valued over realistic appraisal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do groups use a truth wins Social Decision Scheme (SDS)?

<p>When at least one member prefers a correct solution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines when groups are expected to use a truth wins DSD according to Laughlin?

<p>The degree of demonstrability of a task (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leaders in counteracting biased information-sharing in groups?

<p>Acting as information managers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates groups to value consensus over appraising alternative courses of action?

<p>High group cohesion and high stress levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what kind of decision scheme does the equation p(G) = 1 – [1 – p(i)]n apply?

<p>'Truth Wins' scheme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Truth Wins DSD' is expected to be used based on what aspect of a task according to Laughlin?

<p>Demonstrability of the task (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of tasks might groups use the 'truth wins social decision scheme' according to the text?

<p>Math problems and intellective tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tasks require often two correct group members to get the correct answer according to the text?

<p>Verbal analogies or vocabulary tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During collective induction, what must groups do according to the text?

<p>Induce a general rule from available evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Laughlin's study, how did groups perform compared to individuals when considering correct hypotheses?

<p>At the level of the second best individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might groups be better than individuals in problem-solving tasks according to the text?

<p>Because they can correct one another’s errors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fallacy involves ignoring base-rate information when making probability estimates?

<p>Base-rate fallacy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of collective induction tasks according to the text?

<p>'Truth wins social decision scheme' used (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the potential performance of a group during disjunctive tasks according to the text?

<p>'Group’s best member' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence the relative bias of groups compared to individuals?

<p>Group size, proportion of individuals who make an error, type of error, group processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind cognitive processes like creative generation and integration of information in group judgment according to the text?

<p>Epistemic motivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of group judgment and decision making, what is critical for explaining how groups arrive at certain judgments or decisions?

<p>Motivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which two global motivations are proposed to drive a variety of cognitive processes in group judgment and decision making?

<p>Epistemic motivation and social motivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does epistemic motivation refer to in the context of group judgment and decision making?

<p>Willingness to achieve a thorough understanding of the world (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text propose integrating cognitive and motivational perspectives would impact group judgment and decision making?

<p>By providing a more comprehensive understanding of how groups derive at certain judgments or decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives creative generation, dissemination, and integration of information in group judgment and decision making?

<p>Epistemic and social motivations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for explaining how groups derive specific judgments or decisions according to the text?

<p>Motivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as necessary for a thorough understanding of the world within a group task or decision problem?

<p>Epistemic motivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In group judgment and decision-making, what are driven by two main motivations: epistemic and ______ motivations?

<p>Social (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does epistemic motivation refer to in the context of group judgment and decision making?

<p>Willingness to achieve a thorough understanding of the world (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the social decision scheme (SDS) mentioned in the text?

<p>To predict group decisions based on individual preferences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are groups considered advantageous in decision-making processes according to the text?

<p>Because groups have access to more information collectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common-knowledge effect mentioned in the text?

<p>The impact shared information has on group choices compared to unshared information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sampling bias affect the discussion within a group according to the text?

<p>It leads groups to focus more on shared information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the lower likelihood of unshared information being considered by a group during discussions?

<p>The fact that shared information can be validated by other group members (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the group's behavior around initial preferences impact the decision-making process?

<p>Contributes to biases such as the common-knowledge effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario might groups be more likely to consider unshared information according to the text?

<p>When unshared information is supported by multiple pieces of evidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In high decision urgency situations, what type of motivation might be more beneficial according to the text?

<p>Prosocial motivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of high epistemic motivation in tasks where member input indispensability is high?

<p>Enhances decision quality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which motivation is associated with promoting personal goals through deception in group settings?

<p>Proself motivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does social motivation play when decision urgency is high according to the text?

<p>Facilitates task cohesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does epistemic motivation relate to decision urgency according to the text?

<p>Is not advantageous in low urgency situations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the quality of group judgments or decisions according to the text?

<p>Epistemic and social motivations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of group tasks would make high epistemic motivation beneficial for decision quality?

<p>Low member input indispensability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information exchange behavior is associated with proself motivated members?

<p>Deceptive behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the depth of information processing in the conceptualization of groups as information processors?

<p>The extent of epistemic motivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In group judgment and decision making, what is expected to influence the quality of decisions based on the proposed model?

<p>Epistemic and social motivation interaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does social motivation primarily affect in terms of information processing?

<p>Type of information sought (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed relationship between epistemic motivation and the search for new information?

<p>Epistemic motivation promotes deep information search (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of group judgment and decision making is influenced by the cooperative and competitive incentives individuals have in groups?

<p>Quality of decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do epistemic- and social motivation interact in predicting group judgment quality according to the proposed model?

<p>Enhance judgment quality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which individual characteristic is identified as crucial for adaptation due to its role in unlearning and learning new behaviors?

<p>Cognitive ability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of team performance, what is the consequence of unexpected changes hindering the smooth flow of information?

<p>Less effective decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality characteristic is associated with achievement striving, self-discipline, and feelings of competence?

<p>Conscientiousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for individuals to effectively adapt to new situations according to the text?

<p>High cognitive ability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which critical element in team dynamics can help avoid disasters in fields like surgery or aviation due to the need for role structure adaptation?

<p>Effective communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of adaptation refers to the process of unlearning old behaviors and learning new ones?

<p>'Cognitive ability' component (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of individual differences, what does 'motivation (conscientiousness)' primarily focus on according to empirical research?

<p>Achievement striving (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cognitive ability' was found to be related to which key aspect of processing information and learning?

<p>'Capacity to process information' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Motivation (conscientiousness)' primarily involves which component related to personality characteristics?

<p>'Achievement striving' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two dimensions most often used to evaluate the quality of ideas in a brainstorming session?

<p>Originality and feasibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of evolution apprehension and production blocking on productivity in a regular brainstorming session?

<p>They cause large productivity losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might people overestimate their performance in a group brainstorming session, according to the text?

<p>It can be unclear who actually generated the ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was found about the number of ideas generated by real groups compared to nominal groups?

<p>Real groups generate fewer ideas than nominal groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Davis' social decision scheme theory address?

<p>How individual preferences are translated into a group decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the consensus-building function of groups?

<p>People are more willing to accept a decision when they had a say in it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might benefit creativity in groups, based on the text?

<p>An atmosphere where individuality and uniqueness are valued.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the ideas of real groups generally compare to those of nominal groups in terms of originality and feasibility?

<p>Real groups' ideas are on average less original but more feasible than those of nominal groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the social decision scheme (SDS) impact group decision-making?

<p>It specifies how individual preferences are related to group decisions and allows for precise predictions about group decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common-knowledge effect in group choice?

<p>Shared information has a bigger impact on group choice than unshared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are groups considered advantageous in decision-making processes according to the text?

<p>Groups have access to more information collectively than any individual group member.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sampling bias affect group discussions?

<p>Groups are more likely to discuss information that all members already knew, leading to a bias towards shared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of shared information on group choice?

<p>Shared information has a greater influence on group choice than unshared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between group members' initial preferences and decision-making?

<p>People are reluctant to change their initial preferences, which can impact the decision-making process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of majority wins in group decision-making.

<p>Majority rule can determine the group decision based on the distribution of preferences within the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates groups to consider unshared information during discussions?

<p>High member input indispensability paired with low decision urgency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does decision urgency impact the role of epistemic motivation in group judgment?

<p>High decision urgency limits the effectiveness of high epistemic motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between member input indispensability and epistemic motivation in group tasks?

<p>High member input indispensability can make high epistemic motivation beneficial for decision quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does prosocial motivation influence information exchange in group settings?

<p>Prosocially motivated members are more likely to exchange accurate information about task-relevant options and decision alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of low epistemic motivation paired with a proself mindset in high decision urgency situations?

<p>In such scenarios, low epistemic motivation with a proself mindset can lead to poor decision quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text propose countering biased information-sharing in groups?

<p>Encouraging high epistemic motivation and promoting accurate information exchange can counteract biased information-sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives groups toward solving problems that satisfy all group members' needs?

<p>The balance between epistemic and social motivations drives groups toward solutions that consider both accurate information and task cohesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of tasks might groups be more likely to consider unshared information?

<p>In tasks where decision urgency is low and member input indispensability is high, groups are more likely to consider unshared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major problem identified related to blocking in brainstorming?

<p>The major problem related to blocking in brainstorming is the inhibition of sharing individual ideas due to group pressure or dominance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main requirements for individual adaptation identified in previous empirical research?

<p>Cognitive ability and motivation (conscientiousness)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ability to adapt role structures important in teams according to the text?

<p>To avoid disasters and make effective decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personality characteristic is crucial for adaptation and includes feelings of competence and achievement striving?

<p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cognitive ability in individual adaptation?

<p>Capacity to process information and learn</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when unexpected changes hinder the flow of information in a team?

<p>Less effective recommendations and decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are cognitive ability and motivation important for adaptation?

<p>To unlearn old behaviors and learn new ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of individuals with low cognitive ability and motivation in adaptation?

<p>Difficulty in unlearning and learning new behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does conscientiousness contribute to adaptation?

<p>By being self-disciplined and achievement-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of unexpected changes on team performance?

<p>Hindering the smooth flow of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the ability to adapt to changes crucial in teams?

<p>To make effective decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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