Interaction possibilities and epistemic motivation quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens to epistemic motivation when a person perceives their knowledge as insufficient to make a decision?

  • It increases (correct)
  • It decreases
  • It remains the same
  • It fluctuates

    • What is the relationship between actual confidence (AC) and sufficiency threshold (ST) in determining epistemic motivation?

  • AC < ST leads to high epistemic motivation (correct)
  • AC < ST leads to low epistemic motivation
  • AC > ST leads to high epistemic motivation
  • AC > ST leads to low epistemic motivation

    • In group settings, what generally happens to actual confidence (AC) as shared information increases?

  • AC decreases
  • AC remains constant
  • AC increases (correct)
  • AC fluctuates

    • What is the relationship between epistemic motivation and the need for closure?

    <p>They are negatively related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variables is NOT correlated with the need for closure according to the text?

    <p>Group centeredness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of information individuals look for according to the text?

    <p>Social motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do prosocial members differ from proself members in terms of seeking information?

    <p>Prosocial members seek cooperative information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been found in the way members encode and retrieve information based on their beliefs?

    <p>Differences exist based on whether a member is proself or prosocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are both motivations seen as a bias?

    <p>Self-censorship and withholding information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of members are more likely to take a minority position?

    <p>Only proself members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is better at divergent tasks according to the text?

    <p>Only proself members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motivation is associated with withholding information in group discussions?

    <p>Social motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of tasks are proself members better at?

    <p>Divergent tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is less susceptible to spinning preference-consistent information bias?

    <p>Prosocial members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with proself members' tendency to take minority positions?

    <p>Independent thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interaction does the text suggest between social and epistemic motivations?

    <p>Interactions that may amplify or diminish social motivation effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low epistemic motivation, proself, according to the text?

    <p>Increase social loafing and free-riding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a situation of low decision urgency and high member input indispensability, what type of motivation paired with mindset generally leads to the highest quality decisions?

    <p>High epistemic motivation, prosocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of high epistemic motivation, proself behavior?

    <p>Investing much effort in understanding the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of low epistemic motivation, prosocial behavior?

    <p>More mentioning of already shared information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior reduces self-censorship according to the text?

    <p>High epistemic motivation, prosocial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy will members with high epistemic motivation and a proself mindset use to get their way?

    <p>Lying, deception, and spinning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives a group toward solving the problem in a way that satisfies all group members’ needs?

    <p>Low epistemic motivation paired with a prosocial mindset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of low epistemic motivation paired with a proself mindset when decision urgency is high?

    <p>The best way to go for making decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait is associated with imaginativeness, curiosity, and broadmindedness?

    <p>Openness to experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was conscientiousness negatively related to adaptation in studies?

    <p>Due to the dependability part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for learning in new situations according to the text?

    <p>Openness to experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does member achievement relate to unexpected changes in team performance?

    <p>High achievers work harder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of tasks strengthen the relationship between team cognitive ability and team performance?

    <p>Unfamiliar tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality trait is negatively related to unlearning and learning procedures?

    <p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates individuals when they first receive new information?

    <p>Self-efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do open individuals generally react to new things and changes?

    <p>Enjoy them and engage in self-monitoring behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of cognitive ability moderates the relationship with team performance?

    <p>Task familiarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is less likely for high-achievement members facing a decrease in effectiveness due to unexpected change?

    <p>Work harder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic does not relate to unlearning and learning procedures according to studies?

    <p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two principles underlying brainstorming?

    <p>Deferment of judgment and quality breeds quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Osborn, why do people fail to be creative?

    <p>They prematurely criticize their ideas and give up too quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Taylor find about nominal groups compared to interactive groups in terms of productivity?

    <p>Nominal groups were twice as productive as interactive groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plausible cause of process loss during brainstorming?

    <p>Motivation losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major problem identified related to blocking in brainstorming?

    <p>Production blocking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did recent evidence suggest about the access to others' ideas in brainstorming?

    <p>Access to others' ideas stimulates creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal group size suggested by Osborn for performing brainstorming?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely consequence of production blocking during brainstorming?

    <p>Forgetting generated ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help counteract biased information-sharing in groups?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is groupthink?

    <p>A mode of thinking where consensus is valued over realistic appraisal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do groups use a truth wins Social Decision Scheme (SDS)?

    <p>When at least one member prefers a correct solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines when groups are expected to use a truth wins DSD according to Laughlin?

    <p>The degree of demonstrability of a task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of leaders in counteracting biased information-sharing in groups?

    <p>Acting as information managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates groups to value consensus over appraising alternative courses of action?

    <p>High group cohesion and high stress levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what kind of decision scheme does the equation p(G) = 1 – [1 – p(i)]n apply?

    <p>'Truth Wins' scheme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Truth Wins DSD' is expected to be used based on what aspect of a task according to Laughlin?

    <p>Demonstrability of the task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of tasks might groups use the 'truth wins social decision scheme' according to the text?

    <p>Math problems and intellective tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tasks require often two correct group members to get the correct answer according to the text?

    <p>Verbal analogies or vocabulary tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During collective induction, what must groups do according to the text?

    <p>Induce a general rule from available evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Laughlin's study, how did groups perform compared to individuals when considering correct hypotheses?

    <p>At the level of the second best individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might groups be better than individuals in problem-solving tasks according to the text?

    <p>Because they can correct one another’s errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fallacy involves ignoring base-rate information when making probability estimates?

    <p>Base-rate fallacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of collective induction tasks according to the text?

    <p>'Truth wins social decision scheme' used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the potential performance of a group during disjunctive tasks according to the text?

    <p>'Group’s best member'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors influence the relative bias of groups compared to individuals?

    <p>Group size, proportion of individuals who make an error, type of error, group processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind cognitive processes like creative generation and integration of information in group judgment according to the text?

    <p>Epistemic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of group judgment and decision making, what is critical for explaining how groups arrive at certain judgments or decisions?

    <p>Motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two global motivations are proposed to drive a variety of cognitive processes in group judgment and decision making?

    <p>Epistemic motivation and social motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does epistemic motivation refer to in the context of group judgment and decision making?

    <p>Willingness to achieve a thorough understanding of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text propose integrating cognitive and motivational perspectives would impact group judgment and decision making?

    <p>By providing a more comprehensive understanding of how groups derive at certain judgments or decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives creative generation, dissemination, and integration of information in group judgment and decision making?

    <p>Epistemic and social motivations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for explaining how groups derive specific judgments or decisions according to the text?

    <p>Motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as necessary for a thorough understanding of the world within a group task or decision problem?

    <p>Epistemic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In group judgment and decision-making, what are driven by two main motivations: epistemic and ______ motivations?

    <p>Social</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does epistemic motivation refer to in the context of group judgment and decision making?

    <p>Willingness to achieve a thorough understanding of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the social decision scheme (SDS) mentioned in the text?

    <p>To predict group decisions based on individual preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are groups considered advantageous in decision-making processes according to the text?

    <p>Because groups have access to more information collectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common-knowledge effect mentioned in the text?

    <p>The impact shared information has on group choices compared to unshared information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sampling bias affect the discussion within a group according to the text?

    <p>It leads groups to focus more on shared information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the lower likelihood of unshared information being considered by a group during discussions?

    <p>The fact that shared information can be validated by other group members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the group's behavior around initial preferences impact the decision-making process?

    <p>Contributes to biases such as the common-knowledge effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario might groups be more likely to consider unshared information according to the text?

    <p>When unshared information is supported by multiple pieces of evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In high decision urgency situations, what type of motivation might be more beneficial according to the text?

    <p>Prosocial motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of high epistemic motivation in tasks where member input indispensability is high?

    <p>Enhances decision quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which motivation is associated with promoting personal goals through deception in group settings?

    <p>Proself motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does social motivation play when decision urgency is high according to the text?

    <p>Facilitates task cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does epistemic motivation relate to decision urgency according to the text?

    <p>Is not advantageous in low urgency situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the quality of group judgments or decisions according to the text?

    <p>Epistemic and social motivations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of group tasks would make high epistemic motivation beneficial for decision quality?

    <p>Low member input indispensability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information exchange behavior is associated with proself motivated members?

    <p>Deceptive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the depth of information processing in the conceptualization of groups as information processors?

    <p>The extent of epistemic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In group judgment and decision making, what is expected to influence the quality of decisions based on the proposed model?

    <p>Epistemic and social motivation interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social motivation primarily affect in terms of information processing?

    <p>Type of information sought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed relationship between epistemic motivation and the search for new information?

    <p>Epistemic motivation promotes deep information search</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of group judgment and decision making is influenced by the cooperative and competitive incentives individuals have in groups?

    <p>Quality of decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do epistemic- and social motivation interact in predicting group judgment quality according to the proposed model?

    <p>Enhance judgment quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual characteristic is identified as crucial for adaptation due to its role in unlearning and learning new behaviors?

    <p>Cognitive ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of team performance, what is the consequence of unexpected changes hindering the smooth flow of information?

    <p>Less effective decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personality characteristic is associated with achievement striving, self-discipline, and feelings of competence?

    <p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement for individuals to effectively adapt to new situations according to the text?

    <p>High cognitive ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which critical element in team dynamics can help avoid disasters in fields like surgery or aviation due to the need for role structure adaptation?

    <p>Effective communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of adaptation refers to the process of unlearning old behaviors and learning new ones?

    <p>'Cognitive ability' component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of individual differences, what does 'motivation (conscientiousness)' primarily focus on according to empirical research?

    <p>Achievement striving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cognitive ability' was found to be related to which key aspect of processing information and learning?

    <p>'Capacity to process information'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Motivation (conscientiousness)' primarily involves which component related to personality characteristics?

    <p>'Achievement striving'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two dimensions most often used to evaluate the quality of ideas in a brainstorming session?

    <p>Originality and feasibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of evolution apprehension and production blocking on productivity in a regular brainstorming session?

    <p>They cause large productivity losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might people overestimate their performance in a group brainstorming session, according to the text?

    <p>It can be unclear who actually generated the ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found about the number of ideas generated by real groups compared to nominal groups?

    <p>Real groups generate fewer ideas than nominal groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Davis' social decision scheme theory address?

    <p>How individual preferences are translated into a group decision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the consensus-building function of groups?

    <p>People are more willing to accept a decision when they had a say in it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might benefit creativity in groups, based on the text?

    <p>An atmosphere where individuality and uniqueness are valued.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the ideas of real groups generally compare to those of nominal groups in terms of originality and feasibility?

    <p>Real groups' ideas are on average less original but more feasible than those of nominal groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the social decision scheme (SDS) impact group decision-making?

    <p>It specifies how individual preferences are related to group decisions and allows for precise predictions about group decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common-knowledge effect in group choice?

    <p>Shared information has a bigger impact on group choice than unshared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are groups considered advantageous in decision-making processes according to the text?

    <p>Groups have access to more information collectively than any individual group member.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does sampling bias affect group discussions?

    <p>Groups are more likely to discuss information that all members already knew, leading to a bias towards shared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of shared information on group choice?

    <p>Shared information has a greater influence on group choice than unshared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between group members' initial preferences and decision-making?

    <p>People are reluctant to change their initial preferences, which can impact the decision-making process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of majority wins in group decision-making.

    <p>Majority rule can determine the group decision based on the distribution of preferences within the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates groups to consider unshared information during discussions?

    <p>High member input indispensability paired with low decision urgency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does decision urgency impact the role of epistemic motivation in group judgment?

    <p>High decision urgency limits the effectiveness of high epistemic motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between member input indispensability and epistemic motivation in group tasks?

    <p>High member input indispensability can make high epistemic motivation beneficial for decision quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does prosocial motivation influence information exchange in group settings?

    <p>Prosocially motivated members are more likely to exchange accurate information about task-relevant options and decision alternatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of low epistemic motivation paired with a proself mindset in high decision urgency situations?

    <p>In such scenarios, low epistemic motivation with a proself mindset can lead to poor decision quality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text propose countering biased information-sharing in groups?

    <p>Encouraging high epistemic motivation and promoting accurate information exchange can counteract biased information-sharing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives groups toward solving problems that satisfy all group members' needs?

    <p>The balance between epistemic and social motivations drives groups toward solutions that consider both accurate information and task cohesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of tasks might groups be more likely to consider unshared information?

    <p>In tasks where decision urgency is low and member input indispensability is high, groups are more likely to consider unshared information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major problem identified related to blocking in brainstorming?

    <p>The major problem related to blocking in brainstorming is the inhibition of sharing individual ideas due to group pressure or dominance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main requirements for individual adaptation identified in previous empirical research?

    <p>Cognitive ability and motivation (conscientiousness)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the ability to adapt role structures important in teams according to the text?

    <p>To avoid disasters and make effective decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What personality characteristic is crucial for adaptation and includes feelings of competence and achievement striving?

    <p>Conscientiousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cognitive ability in individual adaptation?

    <p>Capacity to process information and learn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when unexpected changes hinder the flow of information in a team?

    <p>Less effective recommendations and decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are cognitive ability and motivation important for adaptation?

    <p>To unlearn old behaviors and learn new ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of individuals with low cognitive ability and motivation in adaptation?

    <p>Difficulty in unlearning and learning new behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does conscientiousness contribute to adaptation?

    <p>By being self-disciplined and achievement-oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of unexpected changes on team performance?

    <p>Hindering the smooth flow of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the ability to adapt to changes crucial in teams?

    <p>To make effective decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

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