134 Questions
What happens to epistemic motivation when a person perceives their knowledge as insufficient to make a decision?
It increases
What is the relationship between actual confidence (AC) and sufficiency threshold (ST) in determining epistemic motivation?
AC < ST leads to high epistemic motivation
In group settings, what generally happens to actual confidence (AC) as shared information increases?
AC increases
What is the relationship between epistemic motivation and the need for closure?
They are negatively related
Which of the following variables is NOT correlated with the need for closure according to the text?
Group centeredness
What determines the type of information individuals look for according to the text?
Social motivation
How do prosocial members differ from proself members in terms of seeking information?
Prosocial members seek cooperative information
What has been found in the way members encode and retrieve information based on their beliefs?
Differences exist based on whether a member is proself or prosocial
Why are both motivations seen as a bias?
Self-censorship and withholding information
Which type of members are more likely to take a minority position?
Only proself members
Who is better at divergent tasks according to the text?
Only proself members
Which motivation is associated with withholding information in group discussions?
Social motivation
What kind of tasks are proself members better at?
Divergent tasks
Which group is less susceptible to spinning preference-consistent information bias?
Prosocial members
What characteristic is associated with proself members' tendency to take minority positions?
Independent thinking
What interaction does the text suggest between social and epistemic motivations?
Interactions that may amplify or diminish social motivation effects
What is the effect of low epistemic motivation, proself, according to the text?
Increase social loafing and free-riding
In a situation of low decision urgency and high member input indispensability, what type of motivation paired with mindset generally leads to the highest quality decisions?
High epistemic motivation, prosocial
What is a characteristic of high epistemic motivation, proself behavior?
Investing much effort in understanding the situation
What is a consequence of low epistemic motivation, prosocial behavior?
More mentioning of already shared information
Which behavior reduces self-censorship according to the text?
High epistemic motivation, prosocial
What strategy will members with high epistemic motivation and a proself mindset use to get their way?
Lying, deception, and spinning
What drives a group toward solving the problem in a way that satisfies all group members’ needs?
Low epistemic motivation paired with a prosocial mindset
What is the impact of low epistemic motivation paired with a proself mindset when decision urgency is high?
The best way to go for making decisions
Which personality trait is associated with imaginativeness, curiosity, and broadmindedness?
Openness to experience
Why was conscientiousness negatively related to adaptation in studies?
Due to the dependability part
What is crucial for learning in new situations according to the text?
Openness to experience
How does member achievement relate to unexpected changes in team performance?
High achievers work harder
What kind of tasks strengthen the relationship between team cognitive ability and team performance?
Unfamiliar tasks
Which personality trait is negatively related to unlearning and learning procedures?
Conscientiousness
What motivates individuals when they first receive new information?
Self-efficacy
How do open individuals generally react to new things and changes?
Enjoy them and engage in self-monitoring behavior
What aspect of cognitive ability moderates the relationship with team performance?
Task familiarity
Which action is less likely for high-achievement members facing a decrease in effectiveness due to unexpected change?
Work harder
What characteristic does not relate to unlearning and learning procedures according to studies?
Conscientiousness
What are the two principles underlying brainstorming?
Deferment of judgment and quality breeds quality
According to Osborn, why do people fail to be creative?
They prematurely criticize their ideas and give up too quickly
What did Taylor find about nominal groups compared to interactive groups in terms of productivity?
Nominal groups were twice as productive as interactive groups
What is a plausible cause of process loss during brainstorming?
Motivation losses
What is the major problem identified related to blocking in brainstorming?
Production blocking
What did recent evidence suggest about the access to others' ideas in brainstorming?
Access to others' ideas stimulates creativity
What is the optimal group size suggested by Osborn for performing brainstorming?
12
What is the likely consequence of production blocking during brainstorming?
Forgetting generated ideas
What can help counteract biased information-sharing in groups?
All of the above
What is groupthink?
A mode of thinking where consensus is valued over realistic appraisal
When do groups use a truth wins Social Decision Scheme (SDS)?
When at least one member prefers a correct solution
What determines when groups are expected to use a truth wins DSD according to Laughlin?
The degree of demonstrability of a task
What is the role of leaders in counteracting biased information-sharing in groups?
Acting as information managers
What motivates groups to value consensus over appraising alternative courses of action?
High group cohesion and high stress levels
In what kind of decision scheme does the equation p(G) = 1 – [1 – p(i)]n apply?
'Truth Wins' scheme
'Truth Wins DSD' is expected to be used based on what aspect of a task according to Laughlin?
Demonstrability of the task
In which type of tasks might groups use the 'truth wins social decision scheme' according to the text?
Math problems and intellective tasks
What type of tasks require often two correct group members to get the correct answer according to the text?
Verbal analogies or vocabulary tasks
During collective induction, what must groups do according to the text?
Induce a general rule from available evidence
According to Laughlin's study, how did groups perform compared to individuals when considering correct hypotheses?
At the level of the second best individual
Why might groups be better than individuals in problem-solving tasks according to the text?
Because they can correct one another’s errors
What type of fallacy involves ignoring base-rate information when making probability estimates?
Base-rate fallacy
What is a characteristic of collective induction tasks according to the text?
'Truth wins social decision scheme' used
What determines the potential performance of a group during disjunctive tasks according to the text?
'Group’s best member'
What factors influence the relative bias of groups compared to individuals?
Group size, proportion of individuals who make an error, type of error, group processes
What is the driving force behind cognitive processes like creative generation and integration of information in group judgment according to the text?
Epistemic motivation
In the context of group judgment and decision making, what is critical for explaining how groups arrive at certain judgments or decisions?
Motivation
Which two global motivations are proposed to drive a variety of cognitive processes in group judgment and decision making?
Epistemic motivation and social motivation
What does epistemic motivation refer to in the context of group judgment and decision making?
Willingness to achieve a thorough understanding of the world
How does the text propose integrating cognitive and motivational perspectives would impact group judgment and decision making?
By providing a more comprehensive understanding of how groups derive at certain judgments or decisions
What drives creative generation, dissemination, and integration of information in group judgment and decision making?
Epistemic and social motivations
Which aspect is crucial for explaining how groups derive specific judgments or decisions according to the text?
Motivation
What is emphasized as necessary for a thorough understanding of the world within a group task or decision problem?
Epistemic motivation
In group judgment and decision-making, what are driven by two main motivations: epistemic and ______ motivations?
Social
What does epistemic motivation refer to in the context of group judgment and decision making?
Willingness to achieve a thorough understanding of the world
What is the purpose of the social decision scheme (SDS) mentioned in the text?
To predict group decisions based on individual preferences
Why are groups considered advantageous in decision-making processes according to the text?
Because groups have access to more information collectively
What is the common-knowledge effect mentioned in the text?
The impact shared information has on group choices compared to unshared information
How does sampling bias affect the discussion within a group according to the text?
It leads groups to focus more on shared information
What contributes to the lower likelihood of unshared information being considered by a group during discussions?
The fact that shared information can be validated by other group members
How does the group's behavior around initial preferences impact the decision-making process?
Contributes to biases such as the common-knowledge effect
In what scenario might groups be more likely to consider unshared information according to the text?
When unshared information is supported by multiple pieces of evidence
In high decision urgency situations, what type of motivation might be more beneficial according to the text?
Prosocial motivation
What is the impact of high epistemic motivation in tasks where member input indispensability is high?
Enhances decision quality
Which motivation is associated with promoting personal goals through deception in group settings?
Proself motivation
What role does social motivation play when decision urgency is high according to the text?
Facilitates task cohesion
How does epistemic motivation relate to decision urgency according to the text?
Is not advantageous in low urgency situations
What determines the quality of group judgments or decisions according to the text?
Epistemic and social motivations
Which feature of group tasks would make high epistemic motivation beneficial for decision quality?
Low member input indispensability
What type of information exchange behavior is associated with proself motivated members?
Deceptive behavior
What determines the depth of information processing in the conceptualization of groups as information processors?
The extent of epistemic motivation
In group judgment and decision making, what is expected to influence the quality of decisions based on the proposed model?
Epistemic and social motivation interaction
What does social motivation primarily affect in terms of information processing?
Type of information sought
What is the proposed relationship between epistemic motivation and the search for new information?
Epistemic motivation promotes deep information search
Which aspect of group judgment and decision making is influenced by the cooperative and competitive incentives individuals have in groups?
Quality of decisions
How do epistemic- and social motivation interact in predicting group judgment quality according to the proposed model?
Enhance judgment quality
Which individual characteristic is identified as crucial for adaptation due to its role in unlearning and learning new behaviors?
Cognitive ability
In the context of team performance, what is the consequence of unexpected changes hindering the smooth flow of information?
Less effective decisions
Which personality characteristic is associated with achievement striving, self-discipline, and feelings of competence?
Conscientiousness
What is the primary requirement for individuals to effectively adapt to new situations according to the text?
High cognitive ability
Which critical element in team dynamics can help avoid disasters in fields like surgery or aviation due to the need for role structure adaptation?
Effective communication
What characteristic of adaptation refers to the process of unlearning old behaviors and learning new ones?
'Cognitive ability' component
In the context of individual differences, what does 'motivation (conscientiousness)' primarily focus on according to empirical research?
Achievement striving
'Cognitive ability' was found to be related to which key aspect of processing information and learning?
'Capacity to process information'
'Motivation (conscientiousness)' primarily involves which component related to personality characteristics?
'Achievement striving'
What are the two dimensions most often used to evaluate the quality of ideas in a brainstorming session?
Originality and feasibility
What is the impact of evolution apprehension and production blocking on productivity in a regular brainstorming session?
They cause large productivity losses.
Why might people overestimate their performance in a group brainstorming session, according to the text?
It can be unclear who actually generated the ideas.
What was found about the number of ideas generated by real groups compared to nominal groups?
Real groups generate fewer ideas than nominal groups.
What did Davis' social decision scheme theory address?
How individual preferences are translated into a group decision.
What is the importance of the consensus-building function of groups?
People are more willing to accept a decision when they had a say in it.
What might benefit creativity in groups, based on the text?
An atmosphere where individuality and uniqueness are valued.
How do the ideas of real groups generally compare to those of nominal groups in terms of originality and feasibility?
Real groups' ideas are on average less original but more feasible than those of nominal groups.
How does the social decision scheme (SDS) impact group decision-making?
It specifies how individual preferences are related to group decisions and allows for precise predictions about group decisions.
What is the common-knowledge effect in group choice?
Shared information has a bigger impact on group choice than unshared information.
Why are groups considered advantageous in decision-making processes according to the text?
Groups have access to more information collectively than any individual group member.
How does sampling bias affect group discussions?
Groups are more likely to discuss information that all members already knew, leading to a bias towards shared information.
What is the impact of shared information on group choice?
Shared information has a greater influence on group choice than unshared information.
What is the relationship between group members' initial preferences and decision-making?
People are reluctant to change their initial preferences, which can impact the decision-making process.
Explain the role of majority wins in group decision-making.
Majority rule can determine the group decision based on the distribution of preferences within the group.
What motivates groups to consider unshared information during discussions?
High member input indispensability paired with low decision urgency.
How does decision urgency impact the role of epistemic motivation in group judgment?
High decision urgency limits the effectiveness of high epistemic motivation.
What is the relationship between member input indispensability and epistemic motivation in group tasks?
High member input indispensability can make high epistemic motivation beneficial for decision quality.
How does prosocial motivation influence information exchange in group settings?
Prosocially motivated members are more likely to exchange accurate information about task-relevant options and decision alternatives.
What is the impact of low epistemic motivation paired with a proself mindset in high decision urgency situations?
In such scenarios, low epistemic motivation with a proself mindset can lead to poor decision quality.
How does the text propose countering biased information-sharing in groups?
Encouraging high epistemic motivation and promoting accurate information exchange can counteract biased information-sharing.
What drives groups toward solving problems that satisfy all group members' needs?
The balance between epistemic and social motivations drives groups toward solutions that consider both accurate information and task cohesion.
In what type of tasks might groups be more likely to consider unshared information?
In tasks where decision urgency is low and member input indispensability is high, groups are more likely to consider unshared information.
What is the major problem identified related to blocking in brainstorming?
The major problem related to blocking in brainstorming is the inhibition of sharing individual ideas due to group pressure or dominance.
What are the three main requirements for individual adaptation identified in previous empirical research?
Cognitive ability and motivation (conscientiousness)
Why is the ability to adapt role structures important in teams according to the text?
To avoid disasters and make effective decisions
What personality characteristic is crucial for adaptation and includes feelings of competence and achievement striving?
Conscientiousness
What is the role of cognitive ability in individual adaptation?
Capacity to process information and learn
What happens when unexpected changes hinder the flow of information in a team?
Less effective recommendations and decisions
Why are cognitive ability and motivation important for adaptation?
To unlearn old behaviors and learn new ones
What are the consequences of individuals with low cognitive ability and motivation in adaptation?
Difficulty in unlearning and learning new behaviors
How does conscientiousness contribute to adaptation?
By being self-disciplined and achievement-oriented
What is the impact of unexpected changes on team performance?
Hindering the smooth flow of information
Why is the ability to adapt to changes crucial in teams?
To make effective decisions
Test your knowledge on the possibilities of interactions based on epistemic motivation and proself behaviors. Explore how different levels of motivation can influence group dynamics and decision-making processes.
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