Interaction Design Principles

• Interaction design focuses on how artifacts affect people's work habits and the design of interventions.
• Design involves achieving goals within given constraints.
• Goals represent the purpose of the design, while constraints are limitations imposed by external factors during the design process.
• A trade-off is the act of choosing which goals or constraints can be relaxed to allow for the fulfillment of others.

Golden Rule of Design

• Understanding the materials, computers, and people is essential and this includes their limitations, capacities, tools, platforms, psychological and social aspects, and potential for human error.

To Err is Human

• Systems should be designed to minimize the odds that mistakes will occurs and, when they do, to reduce the negative impact.

CIPP Evaluation Model

• Context Evaluation includes: Beneficiaries, Needs, Resources, Problems, Background, Environment
• Input Evaluation includes: Stakeholders, Strategies, Budget, Coverage, Research
• Core Values are located in the center of both context and input evaluations.
• Product Evaluation includes: Impact, Effectiveness, Transportability, Sustainability, Adjustment
• Process Evaluation includes: Actions to develop, Implement, Monitor, and provide Feedback

Central Message

• During design processes, continuous focus should be put on the user.

The Design Process

• Requirements are mapped through observations and interviews to determine the system's desired features.
• Analysis involves ordering gathered requirements to identify key issues using various methods.
• Design uses design guidelines to transition from the desired outcome to the means of achieving it.
• Iteration and prototyping include testing early versions of the system with real users.
• Implementation and deployment involves code writing, writing documentation, and hardware production.
• More information about the system's future users should be secured.
• Stakeholders include people affected directly or indirectly by a system.
• Participatory design involves integrating potential users fully into the design process.
• A persona is a detailed portrayal of an imaginary person representing the core user group.

Navigation Design

• Interaction involves goal-seeking behavior because users may not fully understand the system, and thus, the interface should clarify the user's current location.
• An interface should also outline the user's potential actions and the result of their interaction of state.
• Icons should be explained because they are not naturally self-explanatory.
• The same command with different meaning should be clear.
• The system should provide feedback on the impact of an action, as it is important to know where you have been.

Design Rules

• Designing for maximum usability should be the goal of interaction design.

Principles of Usability

• Usability is achieved through general understanding of the principles of usability, standards and guidelines, and design patterns.
• Principles of usability includes: learnability, flexibility, and robustness.
• Standards and guidelines provide direction for system design.
• Design patterns enables the capture and reuse of design knowledge.

Principles to Support Usability

• Learnability: the ease with which new users can begin effective interaction and achieve maximal performance.
• Flexibility: the multiplicity of ways the user and system exchange information.
• Robustness: the level of support provided the user in determining successful achievement and assessment of goal-directed behaviour.

Principles of Learnability

• Predictability: determining the effect of future based on interaction history, and operation visibility.
• Synthesizability: assessing the effect of past actions through immediate vs. eventual honesty.
• Principles of learnability also include familiarity, generalizability, and consistency.
• Familiarity: how prior knowledge applies to new systems like guessability and affordance.
• Generalizability: extending specific interaction knowledge to new situations
• Consistency: likeness in input/output behavior arising from similar situations or task objectives.