Interaction Design Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between creativity and innovation?

  • Creativity is always new while innovation is not.
  • Creativity and innovation are synonymous terms.
  • Innovation requires existing ideas, but creativity does not.
  • Creativity is the ability to generate ideas, while innovation is the exploitation of those ideas. (correct)

During which phase of the design process is the finalization of design typically performed?

  • Concept generation
  • Research phase
  • Concept development (correct)
  • User analysis

What primarily drives the 'why' of user interaction with an artifact?

  • The aesthetic appeal of the product
  • The technological capabilities of the artifact
  • The user's functional needs and motivations (correct)
  • The design trends at the time

What method falls under direct methods of user analysis?

<p>Focus groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Interaction Design?

<p>The visual interface and interaction of a product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of designing interactive systems, what does 'system functionality' refer to?

<p>What the user can accomplish with the system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'Interaction Design'?

<p>Bill Moggridge and Bill Verplank (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves generating concepts and narrowing down options to solutions?

<p>Concept generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which revolution is primarily associated with the birth of Interaction Design?

<p>Digital Revolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main considerations when designing the behavior of an artifact?

<p>Allowing users to understand the actions they can take (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What user role is emphasized with informative products in Interaction Design?

<p>Know the product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of methods might be used in the research phase for user analysis?

<p>Both direct and indirect methods will typically be used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of tangible interaction in Interaction Design?

<p>It involves physical embodiment in the product or environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of knowledge do direct methods primarily focus on obtaining?

<p>Explicit knowledge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the focus of technology change from the Physical to the Digital revolution?

<p>From physical and goal-oriented to digital and experience-oriented. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does effective Interaction Design aim to achieve?

<p>Ensure the product works well, is easy to use, and looks nice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of semi-structured interviews?

<p>They allow for both general and specific questioning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does Interaction Design primarily focus on in relation to users?

<p>User experience and engagement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using daily reports or diaries in research?

<p>They provide access to difficult-to-reach contexts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Focus groups are primarily designed for which of the following purposes?

<p>To facilitate group discussions on specific topics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of observation in qualitative research?

<p>To investigate user's behavior and motivations without their awareness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between qualitative and quantitative methods in research?

<p>Qualitative methods provide deeper insights into user experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT considered a direct method of user analysis?

<p>Observations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves a researcher analyzing an expert user performing a specific task?

<p>Shadowing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using camera studies in research?

<p>To allow users to express and analyze their experiences visually (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Generative sessions are designed to explore which type of knowledge?

<p>Tacit and latent knowledge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand 'who we are designing for' in user research?

<p>It focuses the research on specific user needs and motivations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible limitation of using questionnaires in research?

<p>They may not capture nuanced responses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the essential components in planning user studies?

<p>Utilizing mind maps to outline key research topics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of data do sensitive interviews primarily collect?

<p>Qualitative data about personal experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In designing the form of interaction, which elements are essential to consider?

<p>Form, function, and technology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should researchers focus on to effectively define their target in user studies?

<p>Reading findings and data from relevant sources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the use of data as a new material to design with?

<p>Treat data as a new type of material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of data physicalization?

<p>To create physical artefacts that encode data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of design principle involves artefacts that do not update with new data inputs?

<p>Static DPs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does data materialization differ from data physicalization?

<p>Data materialization refers to transforming intangible data into physical artifacts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does emotional engagement play in the design of data objects?

<p>It enables users to reinterpret the data meaningfully. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of embodiment refer to in interaction design?

<p>Connection between technology and physical, social, and contextual experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential use of data physicalization?

<p>Creating digital-only representations of data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of constructive design principles (DPs)?

<p>Emphasis on construction, manipulation, and assembly of artefacts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between affordances and signifiers in design?

<p>Affordances indicate what can be done, while signifiers indicate what things mean. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of affordance suggests that an action is possible but is not clearly communicated?

<p>Hidden affordance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Norman define as properties of affordances that may not actually exist?

<p>Perceived properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might a user's understanding of affordances vary?

<p>Dependent on their ability, goals, beliefs, context, and past experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes affordances that rely on established habits and user patterns?

<p>Pattern affordances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies a false affordance?

<p>A button that appears to be clickable but is actually non-functional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for effective interaction flow according to the content?

<p>Self-explanatory affordances and clear signifiers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an explicit affordance?

<p>An icon that visually suggests it can be clicked (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Creativity

The ability to generate new ideas and look at existing problems in new ways.

Innovation

The exploitation of new ideas.

Intangible Interaction

The user interacts with the tangible representation of the object, understanding its actions and behavior. It explores the relationship between technology, users, and context.

System Functionality

What the user can achieve through an interactive system, encompassing its functionalities and capabilities.

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Actual System

The actual implementation of the interactive system, considering the operational and sensory-motor aspects.

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Needs of the User

The user's needs and motivations for using the interactive artifact.

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Research Phase

The phase in design where research is conducted to understand the user, system functionality, and how interaction takes place.

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Concept Generation

The phase in design where ideas are generated and explored, defining the 'how' and 'what' of the solution.

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What is Interaction Design?

The practice of designing interactive digital products, environments, systems, and services that prioritize human interaction and usability.

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What dialogue does Interaction Design create?

A dialogue between the user, the product, its services, and the systems it's part of.

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What is Visual Interface and Interaction in Interaction Design?

The look and feel of a product's interface, including its layout, colors, and elements, focusing on user experience.

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How does Interaction Design use Form?

The visual design of a product's interface and its interaction elements, often using design principles like color theory, typography, and visual hierarchy.

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How does Interaction Design use Function?

The understanding of human psychology and how people interact with systems, considering factors like cognitive load, usability, and user satisfaction.

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How does Interaction Design use Technology?

The technical implementation of a product, including its hardware, software, and data, considering factors like performance, accessibility, and scalability.

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What is Tangible Interaction?

An approach to interaction design that emphasizes using physical objects or environments to provide an interface for users.

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What is a Tangible System?

A system designed to enable users to interact with it through tangible objects or environments, often used in interactive installations, games, or smart home devices.

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Interaction

The way people use a product, separate from its intended purpose.

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Affordance

Physical or digital features that suggest how an object can be used.

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Signifier

How the meaning of an object or interface is conveyed.

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Hidden Affordance

The ability of an object to be used in a way that is not immediately apparent.

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False Affordance

A feature that suggests an impossible action, leading to user confusion.

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Explicit Affordance

Affordances that are obvious and easily understood.

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Pattern Affordance

Affordances that are learned through experience and habits.

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Perceived Affordance

Affordances that are based on the user's perception and understanding.

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Direct methods

These involve asking users directly about their thoughts, feelings, experiences, and behaviors. Examples include interviews and questionnaires.

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Semi-structured Interviews

Structured interview approach with open, general questions that progressively become more specific. This helps understand reasons behind user choices.

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Indirect Methods

Collect information about user actions, behavior, and preferences through observation. Examples include watching how users interact with a product or recording their daily activities.

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Focus Groups

Involve discussions with a small group of users to gain insights about a specific topic. The moderator guides the conversation and encourages participants to share their perspectives.

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Generative Sessions

These methods are good for understanding what users do, use, know, and feel through observation and creative exercises, resulting in tacit or latent knowledge.

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Questionnaires

Closed-ended questions that provide limited answer options, allowing for easy analysis and quantitative data. Typically used to collect data on specific behaviors or opinions.

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Daily Reports/Diaries

Self-reported observations recorded by the user over time. They are useful for understanding individual behavior and experiences in a particular context.

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Unstructured Interviews

Free-flowing conversations aiming to understand a broad topic (culture, experience, setting). Used to identify key areas for further exploration.

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Data materialization

The process of transforming intangible data into a physical artifact that can be interacted with in a physical way.

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Data object

Physical objects that embody data, either as a communication tool or as an interface to data services.

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Data manifestation

The communication of quantitative information through objects, installations, and sensory experiences, creating a deeper emotional connection to the data.

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Data physicalization

Physical artifacts whose geometry or material properties encode data, but are not simply visualizations or physical models.

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Challenge the status quo

Designs for data physicalization should encourage people to rethink and challenge existing systems.

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Emotional engagement

A design principle that emphasizes the emotional connection users feel with the data through the physical object.

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Access and reinterpretation

A design principle that focuses on creating objects that allow users to access and reinterpret the data embedded within.

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New type of material

Designs should treat data as a new material to work with, just like wood or metal.

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Observation/Ethnography

A research method that focuses on observing user behavior in their natural environment, without their knowledge of being observed. This helps understand user needs, motivations, and problems in real-world situations.

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Shadowing

A research technique where you follow an expert user performing a specific task relevant to your study. You observe, ask questions, and take notes, getting valuable insights into their workflow and decision-making.

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Camera Studies

A method where you ask users to document their experiences by taking photos or videos of relevant situations, objects, and moments. This provides a visual perspective and allows users to reflect on their own needs and behaviors.

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User's 'why' matters

Understanding the 'why' behind user actions. This means considering their motivations, goals, and the specific context in which they're using a product or service.

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Desk Research

The initial stage of research where you gather information about the topic at hand and the target user group. This sets the foundation for your understanding of the subject.

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Mind Map

A visual representation of ideas and concepts related to your user research. It helps organize thoughts, identify key areas, and explore potential connections.

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Planning User Studies

Planning the process and methodology for conducting your user research. This involves deciding on the techniques, tools, and timeline for gathering information.

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Design Brief

Understanding the key requirements and functionalities based on user needs and research findings. This document guides the design process by outlining what the product or service should achieve.

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Study Notes

Interaction Design

  • Interaction Design sits between UX Design, Industrial Design, and Human-Computer Interaction
  • It concerns interactive and connected products, responsive environments, and multimedia interfaces.

User-Experience Design

  • Information architecture organizes, structures, and labels content effectively.
  • Visual design creates a visual language for communication (e.g., layout, fonts, color).
  • Industrial design shapes the product to contain information.
  • Human factors consider human body and psychological interactions with products.
  • Human-Computer Interaction focuses on the engineering aspects and quantitative data.
  • Architecture deals with physical spaces and their use.
  • Sound design creates aural landscapes.
  • Materials encompass smart products and clothing.
  • Immaterials cover digital and virtual interfaces.
  • Ambient design focuses on interactive responsive environments.

Three Major Schools of Interaction Design

  • Technology-centered view: Focuses on making technology (especially digital) useful and usable within an artifact.
  • Social interaction design view: Emphasizes the interaction between humans and artifacts, facilitating communication.
  • Behavioral view: Considers artifacts, environments, and systems as a whole.

Different Definitions of Interaction Design

  • High-quality interactive systems that fit into people's lives (Benyon, Turner).
  • Subjective and qualitative aspects of digital and interactive things (Moggridge).
  • Human interaction and connection through artifacts (Saffer).
  • Supports communication and interaction between people (Sharp, Rogers).
  • Shaping digital things for people's use (Jonas Lowengen).

History of Interaction Design

  • Coined by Bill Moggridge and Bill Verplank in the mid-1980s.
  • Related to product design, combining industrial and software.
  • Spanning the Industrial, Digital, and Information Revolutions.
  • Evolution from craftsmanship to mass production, electronics, and smart connected systems.
  • Focus shifted from physical, goal-oriented products to digital then experience-oriented finally physical again.

Designing "For" Interaction

  • Tangible interaction: interfaces embedded in artifacts or environments.
  • Intangible interaction: users interact with representations of objects.
  • Design involves understanding user behaviour, artifacts, and contexts.
  • Creativity is key, differentiating it from innovation which requires application and exploitation of new ideas.

What, How, and Why of Interaction?

  • What: User capabilities within the interactive system (system functionality).
  • How: Interaction initiation and conduct from a user's perspective (current systems).
  • Why: User motivations behind interacting with an artifact.

The Design Process

  • Research phase: Analyzing why, what, and how in detail for a concept.
  • Concept generation: Generating ideas and refining concepts.
  • Concept development: Finalizing the design and its engineering.

Methods for User Analysis

  • Direct methods: Unstructured interviews, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, diaries, focus groups observations—exploring user's thoughts/feelings/experiences and behaviour.
  • Indirect methods: Questionnaires, daily reports / diaries, focus groups, observation/ethnography, camera studies, shadowing—analyzing user's actions, contexts, experiences, and patterns (knowledge/behavior/feelings).

Designing for Interaction Feedback Systems

  • Semanthic approach: Using labels and icons for communicating the product's purpose and functionality.
  • Direct approach: Employing physical objects' affordances and interactive elements to guide users on how to interact with the product.
  • Feedback: The impact of user actions, communicated through various means (e.g., visual, auditory, tactile).
  • Feedforward: Providing information about anticipated or possible actions before a user takes them.

Data Physicalization

  • Treating data as a new design material.
  • Designing data objects for access, reinterpretation, and emotional engagement.
  • Facilitating a user's understanding of, rethinking of, and interaction with data.

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Related Documents

Interaction Design Notes PDF

Description

Explore the key concepts of Interaction Design, which bridges the gap between UX Design, Industrial Design, and Human-Computer Interaction. This quiz covers essential topics such as information architecture, visual design, and responsive environments. Test your knowledge on how these elements create effective multimedia interfaces.

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