Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of inter-VLAN routing?
What is the purpose of inter-VLAN routing?
- To limit the number of devices on a single VLAN.
- To prevent communication between devices on the same VLAN.
- To forward network traffic from one VLAN to another VLAN. (correct)
- To simplify network management within a single VLAN.
Which inter-VLAN routing method requires only one physical Ethernet interface to route between multiple VLANs?
Which inter-VLAN routing method requires only one physical Ethernet interface to route between multiple VLANs?
- Router-on-a-stick (correct)
- Multiple routers connected to each VLAN
- Legacy inter-VLAN routing
- Layer 3 switch using SVIs
What type of interface is used to identify routable VLANs in a router-on-a-stick configuration?
What type of interface is used to identify routable VLANs in a router-on-a-stick configuration?
- Auxiliary interface
- Subinterface (correct)
- Physical Ethernet interface
- Console interface
What command is used to create a subinterface on a router?
What command is used to create a subinterface on a router?
What is a common cause of router configuration problems in a router-on-a-stick setup?
What is a common cause of router configuration problems in a router-on-a-stick setup?
What command is used to verify the status of subinterfaces on a router?
What command is used to verify the status of subinterfaces on a router?
What type of device is used in inter-VLAN routing?
What type of device is used in inter-VLAN routing?
What is a primary function of inter-VLAN routing?
What is a primary function of inter-VLAN routing?
Which inter-VLAN routing option is generally considered the MOST scalable for medium to large organizations?
Which inter-VLAN routing option is generally considered the MOST scalable for medium to large organizations?
In legacy inter-VLAN routing, how are router interfaces connected?
In legacy inter-VLAN routing, how are router interfaces connected?
What is the primary limitation of legacy inter-VLAN routing?
What is the primary limitation of legacy inter-VLAN routing?
Which inter-VLAN routing method requires only one physical Ethernet interface to route traffic between multiple VLANs?
Which inter-VLAN routing method requires only one physical Ethernet interface to route traffic between multiple VLANs?
What is a 'Router-on-a-Stick' Ethernet interface configured as?
What is a 'Router-on-a-Stick' Ethernet interface configured as?
Why do hosts in different VLANs typically need inter-VLAN routing to communicate?
Why do hosts in different VLANs typically need inter-VLAN routing to communicate?
What is the role of router interfaces in legacy inter-VLAN routing?
What is the role of router interfaces in legacy inter-VLAN routing?
What type of interface is used to identify routable VLANs on a router?
What type of interface is used to identify routable VLANs on a router?
What is the primary function of a router subinterface?
What is the primary function of a router subinterface?
What is an SVI in the context of Layer 3 switching?
What is an SVI in the context of Layer 3 switching?
At which layer(s) of the OSI model does a Layer 3 switch operate?
At which layer(s) of the OSI model does a Layer 3 switch operate?
Which of the following is an advantage of using Layer 3 switches for inter-VLAN routing over router-on-a-stick?
Which of the following is an advantage of using Layer 3 switches for inter-VLAN routing over router-on-a-stick?
In which type of network is router-on-a-stick inter-VLAN routing most suitable?
In which type of network is router-on-a-stick inter-VLAN routing most suitable?
What is a key capability of a Layer 3 switch regarding VLANs?
What is a key capability of a Layer 3 switch regarding VLANs?
Which command is used to create an SVI on a Layer 3 switch?
Which command is used to create an SVI on a Layer 3 switch?
What must be configured to enable routing on a Layer 3 switch?
What must be configured to enable routing on a Layer 3 switch?
What command is used to convert a Layer 2 port into a Layer 3 interface on a switch?
What command is used to convert a Layer 2 port into a Layer 3 interface on a switch?
Flashcards
Inter-VLAN Routing
Inter-VLAN Routing
Forwarding network traffic between VLANs.
Inter-VLAN Routing Device
Inter-VLAN Routing Device
A Layer 3 device (router or Layer 3 switch) to route traffic between VLANs.
Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
An older solution for inter-VLAN routing that does not scale well.
Legacy Routing Setup
Legacy Routing Setup
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Legacy Routing Limitation
Legacy Routing Limitation
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Router-on-a-Stick
Router-on-a-Stick
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Router-on-a-Stick Scalability
Router-on-a-Stick Scalability
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Router-on-a-Stick Requirement
Router-on-a-Stick Requirement
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Router-on-a-Stick Connection
Router-on-a-Stick Connection
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Subinterfaces
Subinterfaces
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Layer 3 Switch
Layer 3 Switch
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Switched Virtual Interface (SVI)
Switched Virtual Interface (SVI)
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Routed Port
Routed Port
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Layer 3 Switch Inter-VLAN Routing
Layer 3 Switch Inter-VLAN Routing
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interface vlan vlan-id
interface vlan vlan-id
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no switchport
no switchport
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Inter-VLAN Connectivity Verification
Inter-VLAN Connectivity Verification
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Misconfigured Trunk Port
Misconfigured Trunk Port
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Study Notes
- Inter-VLAN routing allows hosts in different VLANs to communicate using a Layer 3 device like a router or a Layer 3 switch.
Inter-VLAN Routing Defined
- Inter-VLAN routing forwards network traffic between different VLANs.
Inter-VLAN Routing Options
- Legacy Inter-VLAN routing: An outdated, non-scalable solution.
- Router-on-a-Stick: Suitable for small to medium-sized networks.
- Layer 3 switch with SVIs: The most scalable for medium to large networks.
Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing
- Requires a router with multiple Ethernet interfaces, each connected to a switch port in different VLANs, acting as default gateways.
- Limitation: Doesn't scale well due to the limited number of physical interfaces on routers, needing one per VLAN.
- Largely obsolete in modern networks.
Router-on-a-Stick Inter-VLAN Routing
- Overcomes the limitations of legacy routing by using one physical Ethernet interface to route traffic between VLANs.
- A router Ethernet interface is configured as an 802.1Q trunk, connecting to a trunk port on a Layer 2 switch.
- Subinterfaces (virtual, software-based interfaces) are used to identify routable VLANs, each with an IP address and VLAN assignment.
- VLAN-tagged traffic entering the router interface is forwarded to the appropriate VLAN subinterface, and after routing, data frames are VLAN-tagged with the new VLAN when exiting.
Inter-VLAN Routing on a Layer 3 Switch
- Modern method using Layer 3 switches and switched virtual interfaces (SVIs).
- Layer 3 switches, also called multilayer switches, operate at Layer 2 and Layer 3.
- SVIs are virtual interfaces configured on a Layer 3 switch for a VLAN, performing the same functions as a router interface.
- SVIs provide Layer 3 processing for packets sent to or from all switch ports associated with the VLAN.
- Advantages over router-on-a-stick: faster due to hardware switching, no need for external links, can use Layer 2 EtherChannels for increased bandwidth, and lower latency.
- Disadvantage: Layer 3 switches are more expensive.
Layer 3 Switch Capabilities
- Route between VLANs using multiple SVIs.
- Convert a Layer 2 switchport to a Layer 3 interface (routed port).
SVI Configuration
- SVIs are configured using the interface vlan vlan-id command.
- A Layer 3 SVI must be created for each routable VLAN.
Layer 3 Switch Inter-VLAN Routing Verification
- Verify connectivity between hosts in different VLANs using the ping command.
- Use the ipconfig command (Windows) to check host IP configuration and default gateway.
Routing on a Layer 3 Switch
- VLANs must be advertised using static or dynamic routing to be reachable by other Layer 3 devices.
- To enable routing, configure a routed port by disabling the switchport feature on a Layer 2 port using the no switchport command, then configure an IPv4 address.
Common Inter-VLAN Issues
- Most issues are related to connectivity.
- Check the physical layer for cabling issues.
Switch Trunk Port Issues
- In router-on-a-stick setups, the most common issue is a misconfigured trunk port.
Switch Access Port Issues
- Use verification commands to examine the configuration and identify the problem.
Router Configuration Issues
- Router-on-a-stick problems often involve subinterface misconfigurations, such as incorrect IP addresses or VLAN IDs.
Router-on-a-Stick Configuration Steps
- Create and name VLANs.
- Create the management interface.
- Configure access ports.
- Configure trunking ports.
- Create a subinterface for each VLAN to be routed using the interface interface_id subinterface_id command.
- Assign each subinterface an IP address on a unique subnet.
- Enable the physical interface using the no shutdown command.
- Verify connectivity using the ping command.
- Use show ip route, show ip interface brief, show interfaces, and show interfaces trunk commands for verification and troubleshooting.
Layer 3 Switch Configuration Steps
- Create VLANs.
- Create SVI VLAN interfaces.
- Configure access ports.
- Enable IP routing.
- Verify connectivity using the ping command.
- Advertise VLANs using static or dynamic routing.
- Configure a routed port by disabling the switchport feature.
Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Routing
- Missing VLANs: VLAN not created, accidentally deleted, or not allowed on the trunk link.
- Switch trunk port issues: Misconfigured trunk port.
- Switch access port issues: Use ping and show interfaces interface-id switchport commands.
- Router configuration issues: Use show ip interface brief command to verify subinterface status.
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Description
Explore Inter-VLAN routing, which enables communication between different VLANs using a Layer 3 device. Discover legacy methods, Router-on-a-Stick, and Layer 3 switches with SVIs. Learn how Router-on-a-Stick overcomes the limitations of legacy routing by using one physical Ethernet interface.
