Intelligent Systems Chapter 3: Knowledge Representation
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Questions and Answers

What is the consequence if we cannot add new clauses?

  • The knowledge base is incomplete
  • The inference is invalid
  • No entailment is possible (correct)
  • Entailment is guaranteed

    • What can be concluded from the given clauses (A  B)  (¬B  C)  (¬C)?

  • A is entailed (correct)
  • B is entailed
  • C is entailed
  • None of the above

    • What is the role of constant symbols in first-order logic?

  • They represent predicates
  • They represent variables
  • They represent objects (correct)
  • They represent functions

    • What does the BelongsTo(Minerva, Gryffindor) predicate represent?

    <p>Minerva belongs to Gryffindor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of universal quantification in first-order logic?

    <p>To make a statement about all objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between propositional logic and first-order logic?

    <p>Propositional logic deals with propositions, while first-order logic deals with predicates and objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ¬ symbol in first-order logic?

    <p>To negate a statement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of resolving the clauses (A  B) and (¬B  C)?

    <p>A  C is entailed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of predicate symbols in first-order logic?

    <p>They represent relationships between objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded from the clauses Person(Minerva) and ¬House(Minerva)?

    <p>Minerva is a person but not a house</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Propositional Symbols

    • Propositional symbols are used to represent propositions or statements that can be either true or false.
    • Examples of propositional symbols include GilderoyGryffindor, GilderoyHufflepuff, GilderoyRavenclaw, and GilderoySlytherin.

    Knowledge and Logic

    • Knowledge-based agents are agents that reason by operating on internal representations of knowledge.
    • Knowledge representation languages are used to represent knowledge.

    Inference Rules

    • Modus Ponens: if α → β, and α, then β.
    • And Elimination: if α ∧ β, then β.
    • Double Negation Elimination: ¬¬α → α.

    Propositional Logic

    • A sentence is an assertion about the world in a knowledge representation language.
    • Propositional logic uses propositional symbols and logical connectives.
    • Logical connectives include ¬ (not), ∧ (and), ∨ (or), → (implication), and ⇔ (biconditional).

    Model

    • A model is an assignment of a truth value to every propositional symbol (a "possible world").

    Inference by Resolution

    • Resolution is a method of inference that involves adding clauses to a knowledge base.

    First-order Logic

    • First-order logic uses variables, constants, predicates, and functions to represent knowledge.
    • Examples of constants include Minerva, Pomona, and Horace.
    • Examples of predicates include Person, House, and BelongsTo.

    Universal Quantification

    • Universal quantification uses the symbol ∀ to indicate "for all".
    • The notation ∀x. --- means "for all x, ---".

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    Description

    This quiz covers knowledge representation in intelligent systems, including logic and different knowledge types. It's based on Chapter 3 of an Intelligent Systems course.

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