Intelligence Theories Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does the IQ formula compute?

The relationship between mental age and chronological age. (correct)

The percentage of correct answers on an intelligence test.

The average of test scores across a population.

The ratio of intelligent behavior to age.

Which statement correctly describes reliability in the context of intelligence testing?

Reliability indicates the consistency of test results over time. (correct)

Reliability refers to the mean score achieved by participants.

Reliability is about how well a test predicts future performance.

Reliability measures the quality of the test items.

What type of intelligence generally increases or remains stable with age?

Fluid intelligence

Cognitive flexibility

Crystallized intelligence (correct)

Emotional intelligence

What is a cohort effect in psychological studies?

Variations in test scores attributable to generational experiences. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of validity measures how well a test predicts future performance?

Predictive validity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of culture-fair tests?

To minimize cultural bias in test performance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of stereotype threat in testing contexts?

It can hinder performance due to fear of confirming negative stereotypes. Signup and view all the answers

How does fluid intelligence typically change as people age?

It peaks in early adulthood and declines after. Signup and view all the answers

In twin studies, what is typically observed regarding IQ scores?

Identical twins tend to have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of environmental influences on intelligence?

They can significantly alter test scores and cognitive abilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of intelligence?

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory proposes that intelligence consists of both general intelligence (g) and specific abilities?

Cattell-Horn-Carroll Intelligence Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is Fluid Intelligence (Gf)?

The ability to solve new problems independently of acquired knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intelligences is NOT one identified by Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences?

Mathematical Intelligence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Sternberg's Triarchic Theory?

To categorize intelligence into analytical, creative, and practical types Signup and view all the answers

What does Emotional Intelligence (EQ) primarily involve?

Recognizing and managing one's own emotions as well as understanding others'. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an IQ test such as the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test?

To provide a measure of a person's cognitive abilities and potential. Signup and view all the answers

Which mindset portrays the belief that intelligence is static and cannot be changed?

Fixed Mindset Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intelligence

Intelligence is the ability to learn, solve problems, and adapt.
General Intelligence (g) is a general factor underlying all mental abilities.
Factor analysis supports the concept of g.

Theories of Intelligence

Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory: intelligence comprises general intelligence (g), specific abilities, fluid intelligence (Gf), and crystallized intelligence (Gc).
Fluid intelligence (Gf) is the ability to solve novel problems.
Crystallized intelligence (Gc) is accumulated knowledge and skills.
Multiple Intelligences theory (Gardner): intelligence isn't solely academic; proposes 8 relatively independent intelligences.
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory: intelligence has three aspects: analytical, creative, and practical.
Analytical intelligence is the ability to analyze and evaluate information.
Creative intelligence is the ability to deal with novel situations and generate innovative ideas.
Practical intelligence is the ability to adapt to the environment and manage everyday tasks.
Emotional intelligence (EQ): the ability to recognize and manage one's own and others' emotions.

Measuring Intelligence

Intelligence tests measure cognitive abilities & potential.
Psychometric psychologists specialize in measuring cognitive traits.
Achievement tests measure learned knowledge.
Aptitude tests measure potential for learning.
Mental age is a measure based on intellectual performance compared to others.
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test is a widely used test, calculating IQ.
IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is a common adult intelligence test.
Standardization ensures tests are administered and scored consistently.
Uniform procedures maintain consistent test conditions.
Normal curve: bell-shaped distribution of test scores.
Restandardization updates a test's standardization sample to maintain a mean score of 100.

Reliability and Validity

Reliability: Consistency of test results.
Test-retest and split-half reliability assess consistency.
Validity: The accuracy of a test's measurement.
Predictive validity shows how well a test predicts future performance.
Construct validity measures if the test accurately measures the intended concept.

Intelligence and Aging

Fluid intelligence tends to decrease with age.
Crystallized intelligence generally increases or remains stable.
Social reasoning often improves with age.

Research Methods

Cross-sectional studies compare different age groups at one time.
Cohort effects influence scores due to generational factors.
Longitudinal studies track the same individuals over time.
Mortality effects involve participant loss in longitudinal studies.
Testing effects are the impact of repeated testing on scores.

Intelligence and Heritability

Heritability of intelligence ranges from 50% to 80%, representing genetic influence.
Environmental factors, like nutrition and education, impact cognitive development.
Twin studies support a genetic component in intelligence.

Group Differences and Bias

Group differences in intelligence test scores exist, but not necessarily due to genetics.
Culturally-biased test items can disadvantage individuals from other cultures.
Culture-fair tests are designed to minimize cultural bias.
Stereotype threat can negatively impact performance due to fear of confirming stereotypes.
Stereotype lift: better performance due to group stereotypes.
Educational inequities impact cognitive development and test performance.

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Description

Explore various theories of intelligence, including general intelligence, Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory, Gardner's multiple intelligences, and Sternberg's Triarchic Theory. This quiz covers the definitions and key concepts behind different types of intelligence, helping you understand how they contribute to our ability to learn and solve problems.