Intelligence and Cognitive Traits Quiz
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Questions and Answers

According to Charles Spearman, how can intelligence be defined?

  • A general reasoning ability (correct)
  • A cognitive trait
  • A specific reasoning ability
  • An idiosyncratic definition

What are abilities, according to the text?

  • Non-cognitive traits that are involved in problem-solving
  • Non-cognitive traits that are not involved in problem-solving
  • Cognitive traits that are not involved in problem-solving
  • Cognitive traits that are involved in problem-solving (correct)

What is the meaning of 'general' in the context of defining intelligence?

  • Narrow in scope
  • Applicable to problems in many different fields (correct)
  • Only applicable to academic problems
  • Applicable to a specific field

Which class of theories of intelligence focuses on identifying the ability or groups of abilities that constitute intelligence?

<p>Factor-analytic theories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of theories of intelligence focuses on identifying the specific mental processes that constitute intelligence?

<p>Information-processing theories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the factor-analytic theory of intelligence?

<p>Charles Spearman (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Charles Spearman, what is g?

<p>The portion of variance that all intelligence tests have in common (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does s represent in Spearman's two-factor theory?

<p>The remaining portions of the variance that are accounted for by specific abilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the positive manifold in Spearman's theory?

<p>The tendency for measures of intelligence to correlate with each other (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Spearman's two-factor theory?

<p>There is one general factor and multiple specific factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the degree of correlation between intelligence tests and the factor g in Spearman's two-factor theory?

<p>Tests with high correlations are highly saturated with g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the two-factor theory of intelligence?

<p>It proposes two kinds of factors: general and specific (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of identifying specific factors in the two-factor theory of intelligence?

<p>To measure different abilities such as visual or motor ability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between general and specific factors in the two-factor theory of intelligence?

<p>General factors are common to all intellectual tasks, while specific factors are unique to particular tasks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, which factor is assumed to afford the best prediction of overall intelligence?

<p>g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of problems were thought to be the best measure of g in formal tests, according to Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence?

<p>Abstract reasoning problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Spearman define the g factor in his theory of intelligence?

<p>As a measure of general intelligence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general relationship between g and test prediction in Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence?

<p>The greater the magnitude of g, the better the test was thought to predict overall intelligence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Spearman believe about the existence of group factors in his theory of intelligence?

<p>Group factors are neither as general as g nor as specific as s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Spearman think about the relationship between g and performance on a test?

<p>G may be composed of more than one factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the g factor in Spearman's theory of intelligence?

<p>The sum total of all forces that cause abilities within the same person to be more similar to each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a group factor according to Spearman's theory of intelligence?

<p>Linguistic abilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are group factors in Spearman's theory of intelligence?

<p>Factors that are common to a group of activities but not to all (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary mental ability according to Thurstone's theory of intelligence?

<p>Emotional intelligence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Thurstone propose about the concept of g?

<p>It is a statistical artefact arising from the mathematical procedures used to study it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Thurstone's tests, what did he find when he administered them to an intellectually homogenous group of children?

<p>The primary mental abilities were entirely independent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Thurstone find when he administered his tests to an intellectually heterogenous group of children?

<p>The seven primary mental abilities were moderately correlated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Spearman/Thurstone disagreement concern?

<p>The perceived difference in relative importance of the first-order PMAs and the second-order g factor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model proposed 120 independent ability factors?

<p>Guilford's Structure of Intellect Model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different types of intelligence did Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences propose?

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Guilford and Gardner's multiple-factor models of intelligence?

<p>To eliminate reference to g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Cattell Horn Model, what are the two major cognitive abilities that Spearman's g factor breaks down into?

<p>Fluid intelligence and Crystallised intelligence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Fluid intelligence according to the Cattell Horn Model?

<p>The ability to reason, think abstractly, and solve problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Crystallised intelligence according to the Cattell Horn Model?

<p>The ability to use learned knowledge and experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Cattell Horn Model, what is fluid ability responsible for?

<p>Discriminating and perceiving relations between any fundaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between fluid ability and Spearman's g factor according to the Cattell Horn Model?

<p>Spearman's g factor arises from gf and gc, and fluid ability is responsible for gf (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive abilities peak around the age of 25 to 30?

<p>Memory span, processing speed, and reasoning ability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does Vocabulary (a crystallised ability) peak and decrease only minimally into people’s 80s?

<p>65 to 70 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive ability is considered a crystallised ability?

<p>Vocabulary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the relationship between fluid intelligence and crystallised intelligence?

<p>Low fluid intelligence limits the rate at which a person can acquire and retain new knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is investment in the context of the Cattell model?

<p>The time and effort spent on learning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the joint function of fluid intelligence and investment in the Cattell model?

<p>To influence the breadth and depth of crystallised intelligence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Cattell's theory, what is the relationship between fluid intelligence and crystallised intelligence?

<p>They are strongly correlated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the explanation for the positive manifold in Cattell's theory?

<p>Fluid intelligence causes crystallised intelligence via investment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of investments on people with low fluid intelligence, according to Cattell's theory?

<p>Investments pay smaller dividends for people with low fluid intelligence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Horn's additional broad ability factors, what is the relationship between the different broad intelligence factors?

<p>They are positively correlated with each other (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between Horn's broad ability factors and narrow ability factors?

<p>The broad ability factors subsume many different narrow ability factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many broad ability factors did Horn propose in addition to Cattell's model?

<p>Eight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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