48 Questions
According to Charles Spearman, how can intelligence be defined?
A general reasoning ability
What are abilities, according to the text?
Cognitive traits that are involved in problem-solving
What is the meaning of 'general' in the context of defining intelligence?
Applicable to problems in many different fields
Which class of theories of intelligence focuses on identifying the ability or groups of abilities that constitute intelligence?
Factor-analytic theories
Which class of theories of intelligence focuses on identifying the specific mental processes that constitute intelligence?
Information-processing theories
Who proposed the factor-analytic theory of intelligence?
Charles Spearman
According to Charles Spearman, what is g?
The portion of variance that all intelligence tests have in common
What does s represent in Spearman's two-factor theory?
The remaining portions of the variance that are accounted for by specific abilities
What is the positive manifold in Spearman's theory?
The tendency for measures of intelligence to correlate with each other
Which of the following best describes Spearman's two-factor theory?
There is one general factor and multiple specific factors
What is the relationship between the degree of correlation between intelligence tests and the factor g in Spearman's two-factor theory?
Tests with high correlations are highly saturated with g
Which of the following is true about the two-factor theory of intelligence?
It proposes two kinds of factors: general and specific
What is the purpose of identifying specific factors in the two-factor theory of intelligence?
To measure different abilities such as visual or motor ability
What is the difference between general and specific factors in the two-factor theory of intelligence?
General factors are common to all intellectual tasks, while specific factors are unique to particular tasks
According to Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, which factor is assumed to afford the best prediction of overall intelligence?
g
What type of problems were thought to be the best measure of g in formal tests, according to Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence?
Abstract reasoning problems
How did Spearman define the g factor in his theory of intelligence?
As a measure of general intelligence
What is the general relationship between g and test prediction in Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence?
The greater the magnitude of g, the better the test was thought to predict overall intelligence.
What did Spearman believe about the existence of group factors in his theory of intelligence?
Group factors are neither as general as g nor as specific as s
What did Spearman think about the relationship between g and performance on a test?
G may be composed of more than one factor
What is the g factor in Spearman's theory of intelligence?
The sum total of all forces that cause abilities within the same person to be more similar to each other
Which of the following is an example of a group factor according to Spearman's theory of intelligence?
Linguistic abilities
What are group factors in Spearman's theory of intelligence?
Factors that are common to a group of activities but not to all
Which of the following is NOT a primary mental ability according to Thurstone's theory of intelligence?
Emotional intelligence
What did Thurstone propose about the concept of g?
It is a statistical artefact arising from the mathematical procedures used to study it
According to Thurstone's tests, what did he find when he administered them to an intellectually homogenous group of children?
The primary mental abilities were entirely independent.
What did Thurstone find when he administered his tests to an intellectually heterogenous group of children?
The seven primary mental abilities were moderately correlated.
What did the Spearman/Thurstone disagreement concern?
The perceived difference in relative importance of the first-order PMAs and the second-order g factor.
Which model proposed 120 independent ability factors?
Guilford's Structure of Intellect Model
How many different types of intelligence did Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences propose?
7
What was the main goal of Guilford and Gardner's multiple-factor models of intelligence?
To eliminate reference to g
According to the Cattell Horn Model, what are the two major cognitive abilities that Spearman's g factor breaks down into?
Fluid intelligence and Crystallised intelligence
What is Fluid intelligence according to the Cattell Horn Model?
The ability to reason, think abstractly, and solve problems
What is Crystallised intelligence according to the Cattell Horn Model?
The ability to use learned knowledge and experience
According to the Cattell Horn Model, what is fluid ability responsible for?
Discriminating and perceiving relations between any fundaments
What is the relationship between fluid ability and Spearman's g factor according to the Cattell Horn Model?
Spearman's g factor arises from gf and gc, and fluid ability is responsible for gf
What cognitive abilities peak around the age of 25 to 30?
Memory span, processing speed, and reasoning ability
At what age does Vocabulary (a crystallised ability) peak and decrease only minimally into people’s 80s?
65 to 70
Which cognitive ability is considered a crystallised ability?
Vocabulary
Which of the following is true about the relationship between fluid intelligence and crystallised intelligence?
Low fluid intelligence limits the rate at which a person can acquire and retain new knowledge.
What is investment in the context of the Cattell model?
The time and effort spent on learning.
What is the joint function of fluid intelligence and investment in the Cattell model?
To influence the breadth and depth of crystallised intelligence.
According to Cattell's theory, what is the relationship between fluid intelligence and crystallised intelligence?
They are strongly correlated
What is the explanation for the positive manifold in Cattell's theory?
Fluid intelligence causes crystallised intelligence via investment
What is the effect of investments on people with low fluid intelligence, according to Cattell's theory?
Investments pay smaller dividends for people with low fluid intelligence
According to Horn's additional broad ability factors, what is the relationship between the different broad intelligence factors?
They are positively correlated with each other
What is the relationship between Horn's broad ability factors and narrow ability factors?
The broad ability factors subsume many different narrow ability factors
How many broad ability factors did Horn propose in addition to Cattell's model?
Eight
Test your knowledge on the definition of intelligence and its cognitive traits with this quiz. Learn about the consensus definition and the perspective of leading psychometrists such as Charles Spearman.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
