Questions and Answers
What is a paradigm shift?
A necessary transformation that occurs when a new way of thinking replaces the usual way.
What does the term 'Intellectual Revolution' refer to?
The rise of contemporary science during the early modern period.
Which of the following revolutions are part of the Scientific Revolution?
Who proposed the geocentric model of the universe?
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Who is known for supporting the heliocentric model of the universe?
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The Copernican Revolution was the first paradigm shift in scientific thought.
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What did Isaac Newton contribute to the Copernican Revolution?
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What theory is Charles Darwin known for?
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The Darwinian Revolution accepted the theory of intelligent design.
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Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
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Study Notes
Learning Outcome
- Understanding how science and technology transform society.
Paradigm Shift
- Refers to a significant transformation that alters conventional thinking or practices.
- Introduces new perspectives replacing traditional methods.
Scientific Revolution
- Characterized by incremental contributions from scientists working within an established paradigm.
- Marked advancements in various scientific fields.
Intellectual Revolution
- Initiated during the early modern period impacting mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry.
- Fundamental change in scientific views and substantial support for investigation.
- Considered the most important era of scientific discovery in history.
- Emergence of modern science in Europe at the end of the Renaissance.
Copernican Revolution
- Fundamental shift in astronomy and cosmology.
- Geocentric model, where Earth was the center, was previously dominated by Aristotle and Ptolemy.
- Heliocentrism proposed by Aristarchus and later supported by Nicolaus Copernicus in “On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres.”
- Validated by comets and planetary motion, leading to the acceptance of heliocentrism.
- Key figures:
- Johannes Kepler: Formulated laws of planetary motion and moved towards elliptical orbits.
- Galileo Galilei: Telescopic discoveries challenged conventional beliefs, noted in “The Starry Messenger.”
- Isaac Newton: Unified theories of gravity and motion supporting heliocentrism; established foundational physics principles.
Darwinian Revolution
- Introduced by Charles Darwin through the "Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection."
- Explained the adaptation and evolution of populations according to environmental conditions, replacing earlier creationist views.
- Published “On the Origin of Species” in 1859, impacting societal beliefs about life's origins.
Freudian Revolution
- Sigmund Freud altered perceptions in the psychology field, influencing thoughts on human behavior and mental processes.
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Description
Explore the significant transformations in society brought about by science and technology, particularly through various paradigm shifts. This quiz covers key milestones such as the Copernican, Darwinian, Freudian, and Baconian revolutions, illustrating how these breakthroughs have changed old ways of thinking.
