Integumentary System Review

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Which of the following is the primary function of eccrine sweat glands?

Releasing histamine during an allergic reaction.
Cooling the body through evaporation. (correct)
Secreting sebum to lubricate the skin and hair.
Providing immune surveillance against pathogens.

How do melanocytes contribute to the function of the epidermis?

Releasing histamine in response to allergens.
Producing keratin for structural support.
Phagocytizing foreign pathogens.
Synthesizing melanin for UV protection. (correct)

What role do Langerhans cells play in the immune function of the skin?

Presenting processed antigens to T cells. (correct)
Phagocytizing debris and pigments in the dermis.
Secreting collagen to maintain skin elasticity.
Releasing sebum to prevent bacterial growth.

Which component of the dermis is primarily responsible for secreting collagen?

Fibroblasts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the subcutaneous layer in relation to the dermis?

It is continuous with dermal collagen. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Vitiligo is characterized by which of the following changes in the skin?

Depigmentation of patches of skin due to loss of melanocytes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following age-related changes in the skin contributes to a compromised ability to regulate body temperature?

Atrophy of eccrine glands. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the aging process affect the skin's sensory perception?

The number of pressure and touch receptors decreases, reducing sensory perception. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a flat, nonpalpable, irregular-shaped skin discoloration larger than 1 cm. Which primary skin lesion is most likely?

Patch (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which primary skin lesion is characterized by an elevated, circumscribed, and superficial lesion filled with serous fluid and less than 1 cm in diameter?

Vesicle (A) Signup and view all the answers

A client has an elevated, firm lesion that extends deeper into the dermis, measuring approximately 1.5 cm in diameter. Which primary lesion aligns with these characteristics?

Nodule (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a pustule?

An elevated lesion filled with purulent fluid. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient has been persistently rubbing an area of their skin leading to a rough, thickened epidermis. This skin change is best described as:

Lichenification (D) Signup and view all the answers

A linear break from the epidermis to the dermis is best described as which type of secondary skin lesion?

Fissure (D) Signup and view all the answers

Following a deep laceration, a patient develops a raised scar that extends beyond the original wound boundaries. Which secondary lesion is most likely?

Keloid (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with irregular red lines on their skin caused by capillary dilation. This is best described as:

Telangiectasia (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates an erosion from an ulcer?

An erosion is characterized by glistening and moisture, while an ulcer involves deeper tissue loss. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient has an area of skin that appears thin and has lost its usual markings. This is most accurately described as which type of skin dysfunction?

Atrophy (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to contribute to the development of a pressure injury?

Limited mobility (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with intact skin exhibiting nonblanchable erythema. According to the staging of pressure injuries, how should this be classified?

Stage I (B) Signup and view all the answers

A pressure injury is classified as Stage III. Which of the following characteristics would be expected?

Full-thickness skin loss with damage to subcutaneous tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare provider observes a pressure ulcer with full-thickness tissue loss, and the base of the ulcer is covered with slough. How should this pressure injury be staged?

Unstageable (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which location is least likely to be a common site for pressure injuries?

Elbows (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is least appropriate for the treatment of deep pressure ulcers?

Application of wrinkle-prone moisture-retaining dressings (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with darkly pigmented skin develops an elevated, rounded scar with clawlike margins extending beyond the original injury site. Which treatment would be MOST appropriate, based on the information provided?

Intralesional corticosteroids and interferon injections. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports persistent itching, and examination reveals thickened, leathery, hyperpigmented skin. Which condition is MOST likely responsible for these manifestations?

Chronic eczema due to recurrent irritation and scratching. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic venous insufficiency develops stasis dermatitis. Besides compression therapy, what is MOST important for the nurse to teach the patient for managing this condition?

Elevating the legs frequently to decrease venous pressure. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be associated with the development of pruritus?

Acute localized pain following a muscle strain. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of venous stasis presents with erythema, scaling, and petechiae on the lower extremities. What additional assessment finding would MOST strongly support a diagnosis of stasis dermatitis?

Evidence of chronic venous insufficiency. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating potential treatments to minimize keloid formation. Which approach directly targets the underlying pathophysiology of keloids, as described in the text?

Inhibition of excessive collagen formation and abnormal fibroblast activity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports experiencing chronic, generalized itching without any visible skin lesions. Considering the different types of pruritus, which etiology should be considered?

Neuropathic condition affecting sensory nerve pathways. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient develops a keloid scar after a surgical procedure. What factors contribute to the risk of keloid formation?

Darkly pigmented skin and excessive collagen formation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is prolonged standing discouraged in the context of the provided information?

It can exacerbate venous issues and impair circulation, potentially worsening skin conditions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with scaly, thick, silvery lesions primarily on their elbows and knees. Which skin disorder is most likely?

Psoriasis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of folliculitis and furuncles?

Staphylococcus aureus (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis. What is the immediate and critical treatment approach?

Antibiotics and surgical debridement. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Herpes zoster, which causes shingles, is a reactivation of which dormant virus?

The virus that causes chickenpox. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is most closely associated with the progression of scleroderma?

Excessive collagen deposits in the skin and internal organs. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for administering ibuprofen in the treatment of cold injuries?

To inhibit the production of prostaglandins. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why should rubbing or massaging affected areas be avoided in cases of cold injury?

It may cause further tissue damage. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Macule

Flat, colored skin change, less than 1 cm.

Papule

Elevated, firm skin area, less than 1 cm.