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Questions and Answers
What are the three types of protection provided by the integumentary system?
What are the three types of protection provided by the integumentary system?
- Physical, Chemical, Muscular
- Physical, Chemical, Emotional
- Physical, Chemical, Mechanical
- Physical, Chemical, Biological (correct)
What are the two layers that make up the skin?
What are the two layers that make up the skin?
- Epidermis and Hypodermis
- Dermis and Hypodermis
- Epidermis and Dermis (correct)
- Stratum Corneum and Stratum Basale
The hypodermis is a layer of skin.
The hypodermis is a layer of skin.
False (B)
What type of connective tissue is the dermis composed of?
What type of connective tissue is the dermis composed of?
Which layer of the dermis is deeper and thicker?
Which layer of the dermis is deeper and thicker?
Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Which layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin?
Which cells in the epidermis produce melanin?
Which cells in the epidermis produce melanin?
The epidermis is vascular.
The epidermis is vascular.
What type of cell is primarily responsible for protecting the skin from bacterial invasion?
What type of cell is primarily responsible for protecting the skin from bacterial invasion?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
The process of fertilization results in the formation of a zygote.
The process of fertilization results in the formation of a zygote.
What is the name of the solid mass of blastomeres surrounded by the zona pellucida?
What is the name of the solid mass of blastomeres surrounded by the zona pellucida?
What are the two main types of cells that make up the blastocyst?
What are the two main types of cells that make up the blastocyst?
What is the name of the hormone that is secreted by trophoblast cells during implantation?
What is the name of the hormone that is secreted by trophoblast cells during implantation?
The bilaminar embryonic disc develops into the embryo proper.
The bilaminar embryonic disc develops into the embryo proper.
Gastrulation results in the formation of the primary germ layers.
Gastrulation results in the formation of the primary germ layers.
What are the three primary germ layers?
What are the three primary germ layers?
Which of the following tissues is NOT derived from the mesoderm?
Which of the following tissues is NOT derived from the mesoderm?
What is the role of glycoproteins on the cell surface?
What is the role of glycoproteins on the cell surface?
Tight junctions are formed by fusing together of transmembrane proteins of adjacent cells.
Tight junctions are formed by fusing together of transmembrane proteins of adjacent cells.
Which of the following is NOT a type of intercellular junction?
Which of the following is NOT a type of intercellular junction?
Hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the basement membrane.
Hemidesmosomes anchor cells to the basement membrane.
Gap junctions allow the passage of what between cells?
Gap junctions allow the passage of what between cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
The basement membrane anchors and supports the epithelial tissue.
The basement membrane anchors and supports the epithelial tissue.
Which of the following is a specific function of covering and lining epithelium?
Which of the following is a specific function of covering and lining epithelium?
Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining blood vessels?
Which type of epithelial tissue is found lining blood vessels?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has multiple layers of cells.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium has multiple layers of cells.
Which of the following is a type of exocrine gland?
Which of the following is a type of exocrine gland?
Connective tissue proper is the most abundant tissue in the body.
Connective tissue proper is the most abundant tissue in the body.
Which type of loose connective tissue is found in the subcutaneous layer?
Which type of loose connective tissue is found in the subcutaneous layer?
Cartilage is a vascular tissue.
Cartilage is a vascular tissue.
Which type of cartilage is found in the ears and epiglottis?
Which type of cartilage is found in the ears and epiglottis?
Bone is the hardest connective tissue.
Bone is the hardest connective tissue.
Which of the following is NOT a type of fascia?
Which of the following is NOT a type of fascia?
Muscle tissue is specialized to contract and cause movement.
Muscle tissue is specialized to contract and cause movement.
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs?
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs?
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
Which type of muscle tissue is found in the heart?
Nervous tissue is located only in the nervous system.
Nervous tissue is located only in the nervous system.
What type of membrane is composed of an epithelial layer and an underlying layer of connective tissue?
What type of membrane is composed of an epithelial layer and an underlying layer of connective tissue?
Which type of membrane lines joint cavities of freely movable joints?
Which type of membrane lines joint cavities of freely movable joints?
Serous membranes line body cavities that open to the outside of the body.
Serous membranes line body cavities that open to the outside of the body.
What are the two general types of wound repair?
What are the two general types of wound repair?
Regeneration involves the replacement of damaged tissue with an identical tissue.
Regeneration involves the replacement of damaged tissue with an identical tissue.
What type of tissue is formed during fibrosis?
What type of tissue is formed during fibrosis?
What are the four main stages of tissue repair?
What are the four main stages of tissue repair?
Inflammation is triggered by the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and damaged tissue cells.
Inflammation is triggered by the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and damaged tissue cells.
The primary function of the body is to maintain homeostasis.
The primary function of the body is to maintain homeostasis.
Which of the following is NOT a tool used in physical assessment?
Which of the following is NOT a tool used in physical assessment?
A symptom is an objective physical indication of disease.
A symptom is an objective physical indication of disease.
Which of the following is the most complex level of organization in the human body?
Which of the following is the most complex level of organization in the human body?
Responsiveness is the ability to respond to physical and chemical changes in the internal and external environment.
Responsiveness is the ability to respond to physical and chemical changes in the internal and external environment.
Which of the following processes involves the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the cells?
Which of the following processes involves the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place in the cells?
Excretion refers to taking in nutrients and using them for energy.
Excretion refers to taking in nutrients and using them for energy.
Which of the following types of reproduction results in two identical daughter cells?
Which of the following types of reproduction results in two identical daughter cells?
Flashcards
Integumentary System
Integumentary System
An organ system composed of skin and its accessory structures.
Functions of Integumentary System
Functions of Integumentary System
Includes protection, thermoregulation, excretion, sensation, vitamin D synthesis, and blood reservoir.
Epidermis
Epidermis
The thinner outer layer of the skin composed of keratinized cells.
Dermis
Dermis
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Hypodermis
Hypodermis
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Keratinocytes
Keratinocytes
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Melanocytes
Melanocytes
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Langerhans' Cells
Langerhans' Cells
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Merkel Cells
Merkel Cells
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Stratum Corneum
Stratum Corneum
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Simple Epithelium
Simple Epithelium
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Stratified Epithelium
Stratified Epithelium
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Exocrine Glands
Exocrine Glands
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Endocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands
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Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
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Fibrous Connective Tissue
Fibrous Connective Tissue
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Epithelial Tissue (ET)
Epithelial Tissue (ET)
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Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue
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Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis
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Positive Feedback
Positive Feedback
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Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
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Regeneration
Regeneration
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Fibrosis
Fibrosis
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Gastrulation
Gastrulation
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Endoderm
Endoderm
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Ectoderm
Ectoderm
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Mesoderm
Mesoderm
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Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
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Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
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Smooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle
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Mucous Membrane
Mucous Membrane
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Study Notes
Integumentary System
- The integumentary system is an organ system composed of the skin (cutaneous membrane) and its derivatives (accessory structures)
- These derivatives include hair, hair follicles, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
- Functions of the integumentary system include: protection (physical, chemical, and biological), thermoregulation, excretion, cutaneous sensation, vitamin D synthesis, and blood reservoir
- The skin, the major component, is made of two layers:
- epidermis –the thin, superficial outer protective layer
- dermis –the thicker, deeper layer underneath the epidermis, containing connective tissue, blood vessels, sensory receptors, and various glands.
- hypodermis -layer under the dermis which anchors skin to underlying organs
- acts as a shock absorber and insulator for deeper tissues
- contains blood vessels that supply the skin
- The epidermis is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- Keratinocytes are the major cell type in the epidermis that produce keratin
- Melanocytes produce melanin, which provides skin pigmentation
- Langerhans cells (epidermal dendritic cells) function in the immune system
- Merkel cells are sensory receptors for touch
The Epidermis -Layers
- Stratum basale
- Single layer of keratinocytes at the base of the epidermis
- Highly mitotic stem cells responsible for replenishing the epidermis
- Stratum spinosum
- Several layers of keratinocytes, interconnected by desmosomes
- Some cells are still actively dividing; flattened.
- Stratum granulosum
- Keratinocytes become flattened and produce keratohyalin granules and lamellar granules that provide waterproofing
- Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin)
- Thin layer of dead, flattened keratinocytes
- Stratum corneum
- Outermost layer of the epidermis
- Multiple layers of flattened, dead keratinized cells that provide a protective barrier
Skin Disruptions
- Disruptions in skin homeostasis can result in pressure injuries or bedsores, which are due to restricted blood flow
Tissue Types
-
Epithelial Tissue
- Composed of sheet-like layers of cells
- Functions include protection, secretion, absorption, filtration, excretion, and sensory reception
- Avascularity (no blood vessels)
- Polarity (free apical surface and attached basal surface)
- Basement membrane (connects to connective tissue below)
- High regenerative capacity
- Examples include simple squamous (e.g., endothelium), simple cuboidal (e.g., kidney tubules), simple columnar (e.g., small intestine). stratified squamous (e.g., skin).
-
Connective Tissue
- Most abundant tissue type in the body
- Supports, connects, and separates different tissues and organs
- Extracellular matrix composed of ground substance and fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular)
- Cells include fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes, adipocytes and blood cells
- Examples include loose connective tissue (e.g., areolar tissue, adipose tissue), dense connective tissue (e.g., tendons, ligaments), cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage), bone, and blood.
-
Muscle Tissue
- Specialized for contraction and movement
- Contains actin and myosin filaments
- Three types: skeletal (voluntary), cardiac (involuntary), and smooth (involuntary)
-
Nervous Tissue
- Specialized for communication and control
- Contains neurons and neuroglia
- Responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information throughout the body
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Description
Explore the integumentary system, including its structure and functions. This quiz covers the components of the skin, accessory structures, and the various roles of the integumentary system in protection and sensation. Test your knowledge on the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis layers.
