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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
What percentage of total body weight does the skin represent?
What percentage of total body weight does the skin represent?
Which type of membrane is the cutaneous membrane classified as?
Which type of membrane is the cutaneous membrane classified as?
What is the primary function of the papilla in hair follicles?
What is the primary function of the papilla in hair follicles?
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Which component of the skin helps to protect against UV radiation?
Which component of the skin helps to protect against UV radiation?
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What is the role of synovial membranes within the body?
What is the role of synovial membranes within the body?
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Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for body odor?
Which type of sweat gland is primarily responsible for body odor?
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What distinguishes serous membranes from other types of membranes?
What distinguishes serous membranes from other types of membranes?
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What primarily makes up the structure of nails?
What primarily makes up the structure of nails?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
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What triggers the contraction of arrector pili muscles?
What triggers the contraction of arrector pili muscles?
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What type of membrane surrounds open body cavities and comes in contact with the environment?
What type of membrane surrounds open body cavities and comes in contact with the environment?
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What is the main component secreted by sebaceous glands?
What is the main component secreted by sebaceous glands?
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Where is the lunula located on the nail?
Where is the lunula located on the nail?
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What type of cells are primarily involved in the growth of hair?
What type of cells are primarily involved in the growth of hair?
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How many nerve endings are typically found in 1 square inch of skin?
How many nerve endings are typically found in 1 square inch of skin?
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Which type of burn is characterized by damage to the superficial layers of the epidermis and may cause minor discomfort?
Which type of burn is characterized by damage to the superficial layers of the epidermis and may cause minor discomfort?
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What distinguishes a third degree burn from a second degree burn?
What distinguishes a third degree burn from a second degree burn?
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Which type of burn involves damage to the deep layers of the epidermis plus upper layers of dermis resulting in blisters and severe pain?
Which type of burn involves damage to the deep layers of the epidermis plus upper layers of dermis resulting in blisters and severe pain?
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What is a characteristic feature of a fourth degree burn?
What is a characteristic feature of a fourth degree burn?
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Why might a person with a third degree burn not feel immediate pain?
Why might a person with a third degree burn not feel immediate pain?
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Which type of burn is similar to a sunburn in terms of its effects?
Which type of burn is similar to a sunburn in terms of its effects?
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What type of treatment might be appropriate for a second degree burn?
What type of treatment might be appropriate for a second degree burn?
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What is the primary concern when treating a fourth degree burn?
What is the primary concern when treating a fourth degree burn?
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What is the primary function of melanocytes in the skin?
What is the primary function of melanocytes in the skin?
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Which layer of the skin is primarily made up of connective tissue and provides strength and elasticity?
Which layer of the skin is primarily made up of connective tissue and provides strength and elasticity?
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What effect does sunlight have on melanocyte activity?
What effect does sunlight have on melanocyte activity?
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Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellow hue found in the skin?
Which pigment is primarily responsible for the yellow hue found in the skin?
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What is the main component of the outermost layer of the epidermis?
What is the main component of the outermost layer of the epidermis?
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What happens to the dermis when it is overstretched?
What happens to the dermis when it is overstretched?
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What function does melanin serve besides contributing to skin color?
What function does melanin serve besides contributing to skin color?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System
- The Integumentary system is a single organ, the skin
- The skin is the body's largest organ and makes up 16% of total body weight
- Key functions of the skin include protection and sensing
Integumentary System: Cutaneous Membrane (Skin)
- The skin is a thin, sheet-like structure that lines body cavities
- Consists of epithelial and connective tissue
- Two layers: epidermis and dermis.
- Epidermis: thin outer layer, stratified squamous epithelium.
- Dermis: thick inner layer, mostly connective tissue.
Integumentary System: Skin Color
- Melanin: color ranges from yellow to dark brown, produced by melanocytes and transferred to keratinocytes.
- Carotene: yellowish pigment found in the epidermis and fatty layer under the skin.
Melanocytes
- Melanocytes produce melanin which is packaged into vesicles and released into keratinocytes.
- Melanin absorbs UV radiation and also stimulates the production of melanin and DNA damage repair proteins.
Integumentary System: Hair
- Hair follicles are pockets that allow for hair growth.
- Most of the body is covered with hair, except for lips, bottom of feet, and palms of hands.
- Growth begins at the papilla, a small bump on the skin in contact with blood vessels.
- When new cells are formed, existing cells are pushed forward and filled with keratin.
- Arrector Pili Muscle: smooth muscle attached to the papilla, contracts when cold and allows the hair to stand up.
Integumentary System: Sensory Receptors
- Nerve endings are located in the skin to initiate responses that are interpreted by the brain
- In 1 square inch of skin there are:
- 500 sweat glands
-
1000 nerve endings
- Yards of blood vessels
- 100 oil glands
- 150 pressure sensors
- 75 heat sensors
- 10 cold sensors
- Millions of cells
Integumentary System: Nails
- Produced by cells in the epidermis.
- Made up of keratin.
- Lunula: where the nail meets the nail root
- Nail Body: visible portion of the nail
- Nail root: underneath the cuticle
Integumentary System: Skin Glands
-
Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands):
- Eccrine: distributed all over the body, secretes water containing salt, urea, and other ions.
- Apocrine: found in the armpit, secretes a thicker milky substance; “body odor” caused by the breakdown of the secretions by bacteria.
- Sebaceous Glands: secretes sebum, an oily substance to cover hair and skin to prevent drying; particularly active during puberty (driven by testosterone) - can lead to acne.
Integumentary System: Disorders of the Skin
-
Burns: Classified by the depth of the burn
- First degree: surface layers of epidermis, minor discomfort and reddening (sunburn)
- Second degree: deep epidermis layers + upper layers of dermis, blisters and severe pain.
- Third degree: complete destruction of epidermis and dermis layers, insensitive to immediate pain due to loss of nerve endings.
- Fourth degree: extends below the subcutaneous tissue to reach the muscle or bone.
Integumentary System: Disorders of the Skin
- Possible disorders to include in Group 7 presentation on October 24.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of the integumentary system, focusing on the skin as the body's largest organ. Learn about its structure, including the epidermis and dermis, as well as the roles of melanocytes in skin color and UV protection.
