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Questions and Answers
What is one primary function of the integument system?
What is one primary function of the integument system?
Which layer of the skin is composed mainly of stratified squamous epithelial cells?
Which layer of the skin is composed mainly of stratified squamous epithelial cells?
What type of tissue primarily makes up the dermis?
What type of tissue primarily makes up the dermis?
Which process helps the body to cool down through the integument system?
Which process helps the body to cool down through the integument system?
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What does the presence of a brown dot on blotting paper indicate in the context of this experiment?
What does the presence of a brown dot on blotting paper indicate in the context of this experiment?
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Where in the body do sweat glands respond primarily to stress rather than heat?
Where in the body do sweat glands respond primarily to stress rather than heat?
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Which item is NOT mentioned as necessary for testing the relationship between sweating, exercise, and airflow?
Which item is NOT mentioned as necessary for testing the relationship between sweating, exercise, and airflow?
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What is the purpose of the arrector pili muscles in the integument system?
What is the purpose of the arrector pili muscles in the integument system?
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What layer is identified as not technically part of the integument system?
What layer is identified as not technically part of the integument system?
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What is a crucial step to incorporate in every iteration of the experiment regarding sweating?
What is a crucial step to incorporate in every iteration of the experiment regarding sweating?
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During the thermoregulation activities, how should the infrared thermometers be set for the surface temperature activity?
During the thermoregulation activities, how should the infrared thermometers be set for the surface temperature activity?
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What occurs when vasodilation happens in the integument system?
What occurs when vasodilation happens in the integument system?
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In the lab overview, what should students do after completing their data collection?
In the lab overview, what should students do after completing their data collection?
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Study Notes
Integument: An Organ System
- The integument is an organ system encompassing all four tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
- It provides protection, regulates temperature, facilitates sensation, and participates in metabolism
Integument Layers
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Epidermis: Composed of stratified squamous epithelial cells, outermost layer
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Five layers:
- Stratum corneum (superficial)
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale
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Five layers:
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Dermis: Primarily dense irregular connective tissue
- Contains hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands
- Also includes arrector pili muscles and blood vessels
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Hypodermis: Adipose tissue (not technically part of the integument)
Thermoregulation and Sweating
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Sweating: A primary mechanism for thermoregulation
- Evaporation of sweat cools the body
- Arrector pilli muscles can contract, causing hair to stand on end, trapping a layer of warm air
- Blood flow can be altered to regulate temperature:
- Vasodilation: Increased blood flow to the skin, releasing heat
- Vasoconstriction: Decreased blood flow to the skin, conserving heat
Sweat Gland Activity
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Sweat glands: Not distributed evenly across the body
- Palms and soles sweat in response to stress and exercise, but not heat
- This is thought to increase friction, toughness, and tactile sensitivity
- Sweat gland density can be tested by using iodine, starch, and blotting paper:
- Iodine, starch, and sweat will react to produce a brown dot on the blotting paper
- Each brown dot represents a sweat gland.
Activity 2: Sweating, Exercise, and Airflow
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Experiment: Analyze the impact of exercise and airflow on sweating using:
- Digital thermometer
- Damp cloth
- Fan
- Include a control group for comparison
Lab 2 Overview: Integument and Thermoregulation
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Part 1: Integument
- Examine thin skin slide to identify dermis and epidermis (different magnifications required)
- Label bolded terms
- Distinguish between thin skin and thick skin on a slide
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Part 2: Thermoregulation
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Activity 1: Sweat Gland Density
- Use provided materials (iodine, alcohol, wipes, blotting squares)
- Provide a qualitative explanation if density count cannot be performed
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Activity 2: Surface Temperature Activity
- Set infrared thermometers to "surface temp mode"
- Follow lab manual instructions
- For exercise components, run stairs or around the building
- Data submission: Give completed data to your TA or instructor before leaving.
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Activity 1: Sweat Gland Density
Lab Safety
- Ethics Form: Before participating in Lab Part 2, complete the Ethics form found on Moodle.
- Material Safety: Ensure all materials are handled correctly and safely, following lab guidelines.
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Description
Explore the integumentary system, which includes the skin and its layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Understand its crucial roles in protection, temperature regulation, and sensation. Discover how sweating aids in thermoregulation through this informative quiz.
