Integumentary - Part 2
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Integumentary - Part 2

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell mitosis?

  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum lucidum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum basale (correct)

    • The hypodermis is considered part of the skin.

    False

    Name one cell type found in the dermis.

    Fibroblasts

    The _____ layer of the dermis is known for being strong and flexible.

    <p>reticular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis occurs only in thick skin?

    <p>Stratum lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following regions of the skin with their descriptions:

    <p>Epidermis = Superficial region Dermis = Middle region Hypodermis = Deepest region Stratum corneum = Top layer of the epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue primarily makes up the hypodermis?

    <p>Adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers are there in the dermis?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is melanin primarily responsible for in the skin?

    <p>Determining skin color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carotene is responsible for the pinkish hue of the skin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of sweat glands?

    <p>Eccrine sweat glands and Apocrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dermal papillae contain structures such as capillary loops and ___________ corpuscles.

    <p>Meissner’s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the skin appendages with their functions:

    <p>Sweat glands = Thermoregulation Oil glands = Moisturizing skin Hairs = Temperature insulation Nails = Protection of fingertips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is produced by melanocytes and contributes to skin pigmentation?

    <p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Friction ridges in fingerprints are formed by the epidermal ridges lying atop dermal papillary ridges.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color range does carotene impart to the skin?

    <p>Yellow to orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reticular layer of the dermis makes up approximately ___________% of the dermis' thickness.

    <p>80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of eccrine sweat glands?

    <p>Regulate temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of melanoma?

    <p>It can involve melanocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Partial-thickness burns only damage the epidermis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ABCD rule used for?

    <p>It is used to assess characteristics of moles or pigmented lesions to identify melanoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Third-degree burns are characterized by damage to the ______ of the skin.

    <p>entire thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following skin conditions with their causes:

    <p>Athletes foot = Fungal infection Cold sores = Viral infection (HSV) Impetigo = Bacterial infection (staph) Psoriasis = Genetic triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glands are specialized for mate attraction and located in the axillary and anogenital areas?

    <p>Apocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sebaceous glands secrete a watery fluid that cools the body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the arrector pili muscle?

    <p>To cause goosebumps by contracting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True baldness is a genetically determined and ____________ influenced condition.

    <p>sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of gland with its correct secretion or function:

    <p>Apocrine glands = Specialized for mate attraction Sebaceous glands = Oily secretion (sebum) Ceruminous glands = Secrete cerumen Mammary glands = Milk production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer connective tissue layer of a hair follicle called?

    <p>Outer connective tissue root sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hair pigments such as melanin can affect hair color.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of life do sebaceous glands become active?

    <p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alopecia refers to __________ in both sexes after age 40.

    <p>hair thinning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas of the body lack sebaceous glands?

    <p>Palms of hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of barrier is primarily responsible for blocking water and water-soluble substances?

    <p>Physical/mechanical barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Melanoma is considered the least malignant type of skin cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is synthesized in the skin as a precursor for Vitamin D?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______________ involves the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.

    <p>Squamous Cell Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following skin cancers with their characteristics:

    <p>Basal Cell Carcinoma = Least malignant and most common Squamous Cell Carcinoma = Common on scalp, ears, lower lip, and hands Melanoma = Most dangerous type of skin cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of barrier includes dendritic cells and macrophages?

    <p>Biological barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Body temperature regulation includes the excretion of nitrogenous wastes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical volume of insensible perspiration at normal body temperature?

    <p>500 ml/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skin can act as a blood reservoir, holding up to __________% of the body's blood volume.

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the skin metabolic functions with their purposes:

    <p>Synthesis of Vitamin D precursor = Helps in calcium absorption Chemical conversion of carcinogens = Detoxifies harmful substances Synthesis of collagenase = Aids in skin repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System Overview

    • Comprises three main regions: epidermis (superficial), dermis (middle), and hypodermis (deepest/subcutaneous layer, composed mostly of adipose tissue).
    • Epidermis contains layers, with stratum basale at the bottom (cell mitosis) and stratum corneum at the top (dead, shingle-like cells).

    Epidermal Layers

    • Stratum Spinosum: Contains keratinocytes connected by desmosomes.
    • Stratum Granulosum: Keratinization process begins here.
    • Stratum Lucidum: Present only in thick skin (palms and soles).

    Skin Color Determinants

    • Melanin: Yellow to black pigment produced by melanocytes; responsible for skin color variation and freckles.
    • Carotene: Yellow-orange pigment prevalent in palms and soles.
    • Hemoglobin: Contributes to the pinkish hue of fair skin.

    Dermis Structure

    • Composed of strong, flexible connective tissue containing fibroblasts, macrophages, and white blood cells.
    • Divided into two layers:
      • Papillary Layer: Contains areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, capillary loops, and sensory receptors (Meissner’s corpuscles).
      • Reticular Layer: Accounts for ~80% of dermis thickness, composed of collagen and elastic fibers providing strength and resilience.

    Appendages of the Skin

    • Sweat Glands:
      • Eccrine (merocrine) glands: Found on palms and soles; primarily for thermoregulation.
      • Apocrine glands: Found in axillary and anogenital areas; associated with sexual scent.
    • Sebaceous Glands: Produce sebum, an oily secretion that softens and protects skin and hair.
    • Hair: Embedded in follicles, alerting body to insects and providing protection.

    Hair and Nails

    • Hair follicles consist of connective tissue sheath and epithelial root sheath.
    • Nails: Epidermal modifications on distal surfaces of fingers and toes, involving keratin formation.

    Functions of the Integumentary System

    • Protection: Establishes chemical, physical, and biological barriers.
    • Temperature regulation: Through perspiration and vasodilation.
    • Sensory perception: Detects temperature, touch, and pain.
    • Metabolic functions: Synthesis of Vitamin D and collagenase; conversion of toxins.
    • Blood reservoir: Holds up to 5% of body's blood volume.
    • Excretion: Expels waste (e.g., urea, salts) via sweat.

    Skin Cancer Types

    • Basal Cell Carcinoma: Most common, least malignant; arises from stratum basale, often curable.
    • Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Second most common; affects keratinocytes, usually on areas with frequent sun exposure.
    • Melanoma: Most dangerous, highly metastatic; adheres to ABCD rule for identification.

    Burns Classification

    • Partial-Thickness Burns:
      • First-degree: Epidermal damage; causes redness and pain.
      • Second-degree: Epidermal and upper dermal damage; characterized by blisters.
    • Full-Thickness Burns:
      • Third-degree: Destroys entire thickness of skin; may not cause pain due to nerve destruction.

    Burn Severity Criteria

    • Critical if:

      • 25% body has second-degree burns.

      • 10% body has third-degree burns.

      • Face, hands, or feet have third-degree burns.

    Skin Homeostatic Imbalances

    • Common infections:
      • Athlete’s foot (fungal), boils (bacterial), cold sores (viral).
    • Allergic reactions:
      • Contact dermatitis due to allergen exposure; psoriasis often precipitated by trauma or stress.

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    Description

    Explore the comprehensive aspects of the integumentary system, which includes the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. This quiz will assess your knowledge of skin layers, color determinants, and dermal structure. Test your understanding of how these components contribute to overall skin health.

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