Integumentary System Layers and Hair Transformation Quiz 2 (p. 6-10)
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the integumentary system houses the germinal matrix?

  • Melanocyte cells
  • Cortex (correct)
  • Cuticle
  • Medulla

    • What is the function of the hair papilla?

  • Generating goosebumps
  • Producing sebum
  • Determining hair color
  • Nourishing the germinal matrix (correct)

    • Which type of hair does not have a medulla?

  • Terminal follicles
  • Anagen
  • Vellus (correct)
  • Scalp hair

    • What is the purpose of the arrector pili muscle?

    <p>Generating goosebumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland produces sebum?

    <p>Sebaceous gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the hair growth cycle do cells divide by mitosis and move upwards to become keratinized?

    <p>Anagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average growth rate of scalp hair per month?

    <p>1/2 inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the hair growth cycle determines the final length of the hair?

    <p>Anagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of scalp follicles are in the anagen stage?

    <p>90-93%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does scalp hair typically live?

    <p>4-6 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true?

    <p>Racial variation in pigmentation is due to differences in melanocyte morphology and activity rather than number and distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can we find the fifth layer of the epidermis?

    <p>Soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The most common keratins found in the basal keratinocyte are:

    <p>Keratin 5 and 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the product of spontaneous decarboxylation of DOPAchrome?

    <p>L-DOPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pigmentary demarcation lines?

    <p>Abrupt changes from lighter to darker skin in a linear pattern mostly seen on the limbs, trunk, or face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is periorbital pigmentation commonly known as?

    <p>Dark circles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are melanocytic nevi?

    <p>Benign neoplasms of the melanocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is melanoma?

    <p>A type of skin cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is albinism?

    <p>A condition characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are striae distensae commonly known as?

    <p>Stretch marks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the hair cycle is characterized by the shedding of hair?

    <p>Telogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells release melanin to give hair its color?

    <p>Melanocyte cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hair is fine, soft, and non-pigmented?

    <p>Lanugo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major types of natural skin creases based on tri-radii?

    <p>Arches, loops, and whirls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lines are produced by the effect of gravity on loose skin or fatty tissue?

    <p>Lines of dependency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lines correspond to the underlying, interlocking pattern of dermal papillae?

    <p>Papillary ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin condition is characterized by follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, sebum production, presence of Cutibacterium acnes, and inflammation?

    <p>Acne vulgaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rare condition characterized by the lack of ridges on the skin of the fingers, toes, palms, and soles?

    <p>Adermatoglyphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lines represent skin tension in rigor mortis and are ideal for skin incisions without scarring?

    <p>Relaxed skin tension lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin condition is related to early developmental boundaries or skin cell migration during embryogenesis?

    <p>Blaschko's line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System Overview

    • The germinal matrix is located in the hair follicle, specifically in the dermis layer of the integumentary system.
    • Hair papilla serves as a dermal structure that supplies nutrients and signals hair growth, facilitating the growth cycle.
    • Vellus hair is a type of hair that does not contain a medulla, typically found on the face and body.
    • The arrector pili muscle functions to raise hair follicles, causing "goosebumps," and aids in thermoregulation.
    • Sebum is produced by sebaceous glands, which are essential for moisturizing and protecting the skin and hair.

    Hair Growth Cycle

    • Anagen phase is the active growth stage during which hair follicle cells divide through mitosis, moving upward to become keratinized.
    • The average growth rate of scalp hair is approximately 1.25 cm (0.5 inches) per month.
    • The final length of the hair is determined during the anagen phase, which lasts several years.
    • Approximately 85-90% of scalp follicles are in the anagen stage at any given time.
    • Scalp hair typically has a lifespan of 2-7 years.

    Skin Layers and Epidermis

    • The fifth layer of the epidermis, known as the stratum lucidum, can be found in certain areas of thick skin, such as palms and soles.
    • The most common keratins in basal keratinocytes are keratin 5 and keratin 14.

    Pigmentation and Conditions

    • Spontaneous decarboxylation of DOPAchrome produces indole-5,6-quinone, a pivotal intermediate in melanin biosynthesis.
    • Pigmentary demarcation lines are visually distinct boundaries of skin tone, often found on limbs and between different areas of pigmentation.
    • Periorbital pigmentation is commonly known as dark circles under the eyes.
    • Melanocytic nevi, or moles, are benign growths formed from clusters of melanocytes.
    • Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer resulting from the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes.
    • Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a lack of melanin, leading to pale skin, hair, and eyes.
    • Striae distensae are commonly known as stretch marks, caused by rapid skin stretching.

    Hair Cycle Phases

    • The telogen phase is characterized by the shedding of hair, with old hair falling out as new hair begins to grow.
    • Melanocytes are the cells responsible for producing melanin, which gives hair its color.
    • Vellus hair is fine, soft, and non-pigmented, commonly found on the body.

    Skin Creases and Conditions

    • Major natural skin creases are based on tri-radii patterns found in areas like palms and soles.
    • Gravitational lines are formed due to the effect of gravity on loose skin or adipose tissue over time.
    • Langer lines correspond to the orientation of dermal papillae and align with the underlying features of the dermis.
    • Acne vulgaris is characterized by follicular hyperproliferation, increased sebum production, colonization by Cutibacterium acnes, and associated inflammation.
    • A rare condition with a lack of skin ridges on fingers and toes is known as adermatoglyphia.
    • Tension lines from rigor mortis represent skin tension and are ideal for making incisions without causing scarring.
    • Certain skin conditions are linked to early developmental boundaries or issues in skin cell migration during embryogenesis.

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    Related Documents

    Y1B4M1L3 The Integumentary System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the integumentary system and its three layers: medulla, cortex, and cuticle. Learn about the germinal matrix, hair papilla, and melanocyte cells that determine hair color. Understand the characteristics of vellus hair and its transformation into terminal follicles during puberty.

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