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Questions and Answers
What function does the subcutaneous fat serve in temperature regulation?
Which factor can impair the effectiveness of immune cells in the skin?
What is one of the primary roles of melanin in the skin?
How do antimicrobial peptides contribute to the skin's immune barrier?
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What is a potential adverse effect of prolonged use of topical corticosteroids?
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What is the typical duration of individual lesions in transient erythematous plaques?
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What happens to oozing wet lesions when treated with appropriate measures?
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What type of hypersensitivity is often associated with urticaria?
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Which of the following is a common characteristic of normal skin flora?
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Which treatment is recommended for acute contact dermatitis?
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What should be done if a skin lesion is dry and scaly?
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Which of the following conditions presents with lichenification?
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What is a characteristic feature of acute eczematous dermatitis?
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Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with atopic dermatitis?
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What skin condition is characterized by pruritic urticarial papules during pregnancy?
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In the context of skin manifestations of allergic diseases, what does lichenification indicate?
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What characterizes psoriatic arthritis in terms of joint involvement?
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Which treatment for psoriasis is known to be effective and may be combined with topical therapies?
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What is a common side effect associated with UVB therapy for psoriasis?
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Which medication should be avoided for patients with severe psoriasis that may require live vaccines?
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What is the main characteristic feature of seborrheic dermatitis?
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Which of the following topical treatments is effective against psoriasis but may stain?
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What is a key factor in determining the use of methotrexate for psoriasis treatment?
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What must patients undergo before starting treatment with Soriatane (Acitretin)?
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What is a common clinical finding of Pseudofolliculitis barbae?
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Which treatment method is specifically recommended for Furuncles and Carbuncles?
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What condition is characterized by plaques that are 0.5-3mm in size and arise from dirty hot tubs?
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In the treatment of Pseudofolliculitis barbae, which of the following is NOT recommended?
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What is the primary goal in treating Pseudomonas Folliculitis?
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Which treatment option is typically NOT used for Furuncles and Carbuncles?
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Which lab test is typically NOT needed for Pseudomonas Folliculitis?
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What is a potential complication of untreated Pseudofolliculitis barbae?
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What is the primary treatment of choice for Tinea Barbae?
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Which of the following statements regarding Herpes Simplex is correct?
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In the presentation of Tinea Barbae, which pattern is characterized by groupings similar to bacterial folliculitis?
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What should be monitored when using Griseofulvin as a treatment?
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Which of the following treatments for Herpes Simplex is an antiviral medication?
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What is a notable non-skin finding associated with Tinea Barbae when a secondary bacterial infection is present?
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How do the vesicles in primary herpes simplex compare to those in recurrent infections?
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Which of the following is NOT generally effective for treating follicular Tinea Barbae?
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Study Notes
Integument Functions
- Barrier: Prevents entry of pathogens, protects from water loss, and physical injury
-
Temperature Regulation:
- Sweat evaporation: Cools the body by dissipating excess heat
- Blood flow regulation: Shunts blood from superficial vessels to deeper tissues for heat retention
- Subcutaneous fat: Provides insulation
-
Sunscreen:
- Melanin: Protects DNA from UV radiation
- UVB: Excessive exposure causes sunburn
- UVA: Excessive exposure causes wrinkles
-
Immune Barrier:
- Antimicrobial peptides: Produced by keratinocytes to fight infection
- Immune cells: Surveillance for infection, malignancy, and toxins
- UV exposure: Decreases immune cell effectiveness
-
Critter Habitat:
- Commensal bacteria and yeast: Colonize the skin and protect against harmful microbes
- Normal flora: Recovers from reasonable washing
- Antibacterial soaps: May cause more harm than good
Skin Lesion Management
-
Therapy: "If it's wet, dry it; if it's dry, wet it."
- Wet lesions: Benefit from drying therapies
- Dry lesions: Benefit from emollients and topical steroids
Topical Corticosteroids
-
Benefits:
- Anti-inflammatory
- Decrease mitosis in epidermal cells
- Constrict blood vessels
-
Adverse Effects:
- Atrophy
- Striae (stretch marks)
- Masking of underlying conditions
-
Minimizing Adverse Effects:
- Avoid large areas of application
- Avoid occlusion
- Use on thicker skin
Allergic Skin Manifestations
-
Acute Eczematous Dermatitis:
- Characterized by blisters or vesicles
- Often caused by allergic reactions
-
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema):
- Common chronic inflammatory skin condition
- Characterized by dry, itchy, and scaly patches
-
Urticaria (Hives):
- Transient plaques and wheals that usually disappear after 24 hours
- Can be caused by various triggers
Psoriasis
-
Characteristics:
- Chronic, inflammatory skin disorder
- Characterized by thick, scaly patches
-
Treatment:
- Topical agents: Coal tar, vitamin D3 analogues, topical steroids, anthralin, Tazorac
- UV therapy: UVB and PUVA
- Systemic therapies: Methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin, biologics
Other Papulosquamous Disorders
-
Seborrheic Dermatitis:
- Chronic inflammatory skin condition
- Characterized by greasy scales and inflammation
-
Pityriasis Rosea:
- Benign rash that starts with a single oval-shaped patch
- Followed by multiple, smaller, scaly patches
-
Lichen Planus:
- Autoimmune skin disorder
- Characterized by itchy, flat-topped, shiny papules
-
Folliculitis:
- Inflammation of hair follicles
- Can be caused by bacteria, fungus, or other irritants
Common Viral and Non-Viral Exanthems
-
Herpes Simplex:
- Viral infection
- Characterized by painful, fluid-filled blisters
-
Varicella (Chickenpox):
- Highly contagious viral infection
- Characterized by itchy, fluid-filled blisters
-
Measles:
- Highly contagious viral infection
- Characterized by a rash, fever, cough, and runny nose
-
Rubella (German Measles):
- Viral infection
- Characterized by a rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes
-
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease):
- Viral infection
- Characterized by a slapped cheek rash
Tinea Infections (Ringworm):
-
Tinea Corporis (Body Ringworm):
- Fungal infection of the skin
- Characterized by a circular, scaly rash with a raised border
-
Tinea Pedis (Athlete's Foot):
- Fungal infection of the feet
- Characterized by itching, scaling, and cracking between the toes
-
Tinea Cruris (Jock Itch):
- Fungal infection of the groin
- Characterized by a red, itchy rash in the groin area
Other Fungal Infections
-
Candidiasis (Yeast Infections):
- Fungal infection
- Characterized by red, itchy, and sometimes painful rash
-
Pityriasis Versicolor:
- Fungal infection of the skin that causes patches of discoloration
- Usually affects the trunk and upper arms
-
Tinea Versicolor:
- Fungal infection of the skin
- Characterized by a scaly rash on the upper chest, back, and arms
Bacterial Infections
-
Impetigo:
- Contagious bacterial infection
- Characterized by honey-colored crusts on the skin
-
Cellulitis:
- Bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissues
- Characterized by redness, swelling, and pain
-
Folliculitis:
- Inflammation of hair follicles
- Can be caused by bacteria or other irritants
Skin Cancer
-
Basal Cell Carcinoma:
- Most common type of skin cancer
- Characterized by pearly or waxy nodules
-
Squamous Cell Carcinoma:
- Second most common type of skin cancer
- Characterized by firm, red, scaly patches
-
Melanoma:
- Most serious type of skin cancer
- Characterized by a mole that changes in size, shape, or color
Other Skin Conditions
-
Acne:
- Common inflammatory skin condition
- Characterized by pimples, whiteheads, and blackheads
-
Eczema:
- Chronic inflammatory skin condition
- Characterized by dry, itchy, and scaly patches
-
Psoriasis:
- Chronic inflammatory skin condition
- Characterized by thick, scaly patches
-
Rosacea:
- Chronic inflammatory skin condition
- Characterized by facial redness, bumps, and pimples
-
Vitiligo:
- Autoimmune skin disorder
- Characterized by loss of skin pigment (melanin)
-
Alopecia Areata:
- Autoimmune disorder
- Characterized by hair loss in patches
-
Scleroderma:
- Autoimmune disorder
- Characterized by hardening and thickening of the skin
-
Dermatitis Herpetiformis:
- Autoimmune disorder
- Characterized by itchy blisters on the skin
-
Pemphigus Vulgaris:
- Autoimmune disorder
- Characterized by blisters that can rupture and cause sores
-
Bullous Pemphigoid:
- Autoimmune disorder
- Characterized by large blisters that are usually itchy and painful
Skin Infections
-
Staphylococcus Aureus:
- Common bacterial infection
- Can cause skin infections, such as impetigo and cellulitis
-
Streptococcus Pyogenes:
- Common bacterial infection
- Can cause skin infections, such as impetigo and cellulitis
-
Group A Streptococcus:
- Bacterial infection
- Can cause skin infections, such as impetigo and cellulitis
Parasites
-
Scabies:
- Contagious skin infection caused by mites
- Characterized by intense itching, especially at night
-
Pediculosis (Lice):
- Contagious infection caused by lice
- Characterized by itching and small, white nits on hair
-
Myiasis:
- Infection caused by fly larvae
- Usually occurs in wounds or sores
Treatments
-
Topical Medications:
- Antibiotics: For bacterial infections
- Antivirals: For viral infections
- Antifungal medications: For fungal infections
- Corticosteroids: For inflammation
-
Oral Medications:
- Antibiotics: For bacterial infections
- Antivirals: For viral infections
- Antifungal medications: For fungal infections
-
Phototherapy:
- Using ultraviolet light to treat skin conditions
-
Surgical Procedures:
- To remove skin lesions or tumors
-
Key Points to Remember:*
-
The skin, also called the integument, plays a critical role in protecting the body and maintaining homeostasis.
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The integument contains several structures, including the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fat.
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The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and provides a protective barrier against infection and injury.
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The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, and glands and provides support for the epidermis.
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The subcutaneous fat lies beneath the dermis and provides insulation and cushioning.
-
The skin is involved in temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D synthesis, and immune function.
-
Various skin conditions can affect the integument and require medical attention.
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Description
Explore the vital functions of the integumentary system in this quiz. From barrier protection to temperature regulation and immune defense, test your knowledge on how the skin maintains homeostasis and protects against environmental threats. Dive into the details of how our skin interacts with pathogens and sunlight!
