Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of 'Psychology in the Criminal Justice System' according to Haney’s model?
What is the primary focus of 'Psychology in the Criminal Justice System' according to Haney’s model?
- Analyzing the CJS as a psychological study
- Development of constitutional questions
- The co-equal use of psychological principles
- Effective use of psychology for operational improvement (correct)
How do adjudicative facts differ from legislative facts in Monahan & Walker’s model?
How do adjudicative facts differ from legislative facts in Monahan & Walker’s model?
- Adjudicative facts apply to multiple cases while legislative facts are specific to one case
- Adjudicative facts are general, whereas legislative facts are case-specific
- Adjudicative facts are specific to a case, while legislative facts are broader, affecting subsequent cases (correct)
- There is no significant difference in their application within the CJS
Which example best illustrates the use of psychology as a social fact within a case in the context of the criminal justice system?
Which example best illustrates the use of psychology as a social fact within a case in the context of the criminal justice system?
- Creating a new line-up procedure
- Developing new jury instructions
- Submitting constitutional questions to a court
- Providing statistical proof in trademark infringement cases (correct)
What role does psychology play when used as a social authority according to Monahan & Walker’s model?
What role does psychology play when used as a social authority according to Monahan & Walker’s model?
In Haney’s Model, what aspect is focused on when referring to ‘Psychology of the Criminal Justice System’?
In Haney’s Model, what aspect is focused on when referring to ‘Psychology of the Criminal Justice System’?
What is the primary goal of program evaluation in forensic psychology?
What is the primary goal of program evaluation in forensic psychology?
Which of the following approaches provides the most scientific data regarding the need for an intervention?
Which of the following approaches provides the most scientific data regarding the need for an intervention?
What is a major limitation of quasi-experimental research?
What is a major limitation of quasi-experimental research?
In needs and assets assessment, what is the purpose of gap analysis?
In needs and assets assessment, what is the purpose of gap analysis?
What does process evaluation primarily examine in the context of program implementation?
What does process evaluation primarily examine in the context of program implementation?
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Study Notes
Integration: Haney’s Model
- Emphasizes the use of psychology within the criminal justice system (CJS) for operational effectiveness.
- Psychological applications in CJS include expert testimony in insanity defenses and jury selection processes.
- Psychological principles can be co-jointly applied to analyze CJS operations, improving practices such as line-up procedures and procedural instructions.
- Psychologists view the CJS as a subject for psychological research, addressing issues like social justice and constitutional questions.
Integration: Monahan & Walker’s Model
- Differentiates between adjudicative facts (case-specific) and legislative facts (broader relevance).
- Adjudicative facts pertain directly to case outcomes, affecting the determination of legal claims.
- Legislative facts transcend specific cases, impacting multiple cases and practices.
- Psychological knowledge can assist in proving legal claims, such as through expert testimony or statistical analysis.
- Psychological research serves as a social authority, influencing the assessment of various legal practices across different cases.
Quasi-Experimental Research
- Designed to maintain empirical rigor in real-world contexts while evaluating interventions.
- Primarily examines the effects of specific interventions, correlating outcomes rather than establishing causality.
- Certain study designs enhance the likelihood of inferring causality.
Program Evaluation & Forensic Psychology
- Programs are structured activities aimed at generating change within organizations or for users.
- Program evaluation systematically applies scientific methods to analyze design, implementation, and outcomes.
- Key steps in program evaluation include identifying a need, establishing an evidence-based intervention, implementing it, conducting process evaluations, and collecting pre/post data for impact assessment.
Needs and Assets Assessment
- Aims to empirically ascertain the necessity for intervention based on a gap analysis of related needs and available assets.
- Indicator approach: Utilizes existing data and records to evaluate program needs.
- Survey approach: Collects scientific data through comprehensive survey design and analysis to gauge need.
- Community impressions approach: Engages the community through interviews, focus groups, and forums to determine perceived program necessity.
- Key Informant Interviews: Semi-structured discussions with knowledgeable individuals.
- Focus Groups: Group discussions with community members (8-12 participants) to glean insights.
- Community Forums: Open discussions allowing community feedback on program needs.
Process Evaluation
- Focuses on program fidelity, ensuring adherence to the original proposal, and assessing the quality of program delivery.
- Evaluates short-term procedural impacts of interventions.
Outcome Evaluation
- Aims to empirically document the effects of a program, assessing tangible outcomes and outputs.
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