Geography November exam P2 (Hard)
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Geography November exam P2 (Hard)

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Questions and Answers

What advantage does GIS offer in determining the optimal locations for new developments?

  • Lack of environmental impact evaluation
  • Static and unchanging tool
  • Limited data integration
  • Tailored and specific information (correct)

    • In what way does digital information enhance data handling compared to traditional methods?

  • Decreased data storage capacity
  • Enables greater quantities of information (correct)
  • Reduction in precision
  • Limited accessibility

    • Which characteristic best describes orthophoto maps?

  • Bird's-eye view capture
  • Images with lens distortion
  • Blurred aerial images
  • Uniform scale across the image (correct)

    • What distinguishes a vertical aerial photograph from an oblique one?

    <p>Camera axis nearly perpendicular to the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS address environmental issues like pollution?

    <p>By evaluating the impacts of phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is precision and reliability important in fields like engineering and science?

    <p>To facilitate complex analyses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of digital images obtained by sensors mounted on satellites?

    <p>'Bird's-eye' view capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the ease of sharing digital data across various platforms essential?

    <p>'Facilitates interoperability and collaborative work'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aerial photograph shows both the ground surface and the horizon?

    <p>High Oblique Aerial Photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dynamic and evolving technology enable GIS to be for changing needs?

    <p>A tool enhanced by new data and technology advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)?

    <p>To analyze geographical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS store data?

    <p>In digital format</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of user input in GIS?

    <p>Users can upload highly detailed and varied information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector(s) can benefit from the application of GIS technology?

    <p>Government, urban planning, environmental management, and more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is involved in the development of GIS software?

    <p>Programmers, geographers, and other specialists understanding geographic information needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major role does GIS play in various organizations?

    <p>Planning and decision-making tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be determined during the 'Preliminary Research' stage of fieldwork?

    <p>The necessary background information and scope of the topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of 'Engaging with Stakeholders/Local Environment'?

    <p>Deciding who will provide the needed information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is NOT recommended for data collection during fieldwork?

    <p>Binoculars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential during 'Time Management and Planning' in fieldwork?

    <p>Organizing the timeline and managing different phases efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done during 'Data Analysis' in fieldwork?

    <p>Classify collected data into categories like fact, opinion, consensus, and notable contrasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important part of 'Recording and Reporting Your Findings'?

    <p>Recording findings according to identified themes and sub-themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an atlas?

    <p>Provide detailed geographic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage associated with traditional maps according to the text?

    <p>Update costs related to maintaining current maps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map would be ideal for someone interested in climate patterns and rainfall distribution?

    <p>Thematic map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the use of keys (legends) help with in atlases?

    <p>Interpreting symbols and color codes used in the maps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a relief map?

    <p>Illustrate physical landscapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill is essential for accurate navigation using a map?

    <p>Describing directions using a compass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for accurate direction finding on a map?

    <p>Aligning the compass with true north.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can one describe the location of a place using coordinates?

    <p>By indicating latitude and longitude intersections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using a compass, what do cardinal points refer to?

    <p>North, South, East, and West directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the future hold for the use of atlases as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Decrease in use with advancements in digital mapping technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of orthophoto maps?

    <p>Combining the visual detail of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does geo-referencing involve in integrating aerial photographic images into GIS?

    <p>Aligning images with geographical locations on earth using GPS and survey techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Essential for creating topographic maps with historical perspective of geographic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which development has improved the speed and accuracy of orthophoto production?

    <p>Use of digital mapping cameras since 2008 for automatic scale correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of orthophoto maps compared to vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Require scanning and digitization for GIS integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are satellite images easily integrated into GIS?

    <p>Detailed digital images captured across various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with recent full-color orthophotos?

    <p>Recent full-color images are challenging to obtain for public and professional use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of map projections?

    <p>To represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In map projections, what is the purpose of conserving 'direction'?

    <p>To accurately depict the directions between locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which map projection is known for accurately showing angles and directions but distorting shapes and distances near the poles?

    <p><strong>Mercator Projection (1569)</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bearing in terms of map measurements?

    <p><strong>The measurement of the direction of one location from another</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the magnetic declination on a map related to?

    <p><strong>Changes in the angle between magnetic north and true north</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can contours on a map help in understanding topography?

    <p><strong>Contours connect points of equal elevation</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours on a map typically indicate?

    <p><strong>Steep slopes</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do line scales on maps allow for?

    <p><strong>Direct reading of distances on the map without calculations</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    When conducting fieldwork in geography, which step does 'F: Finding a Topic' refer to?

    <p><strong>Identifying a current, relevant, and interesting issue affecting the local community or environment</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'FIELDWORK' mnemonic is used for which geographical process?

    <p><strong>Direct data collection in the natural environment</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of user input in GIS?

    <p>To upload specific data tailored to particular needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS support decision-making and planning?

    <p>By being used as a planning and decision-making tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sector can benefit the LEAST from the application of GIS technology?

    <p>Private users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of software development for GIS?

    <p>Collaborative effort among programmers, geographers, and other specialists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is GIS considered versatile in its applications?

    <p>For its use across diverse fields like government, industries, and urban planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates GIS data storage from traditional map formats?

    <p>GIS stores data digitally for accessibility and manipulation via computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aerial photograph shows only the ground surface without the horizon?

    <p>High Oblique Aerial Photograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which image type combines the image characteristics of a photograph with the geometric qualities of a map?

    <p>Orthophoto Map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of digital formats in data handling compared to traditional methods?

    <p>Enhanced data analysis efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the precision and reliability of digital information primarily support in fields like engineering and science?

    <p>Accurate data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to satellite images compared to aerial photographs?

    <p>Data collected in various wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for accurate depiction of spatial relationships between features in aerial photographic images?

    <p>'Vertical' positioning of the camera axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of oblique aerial photographs that makes objects easier to identify?

    <p>Horizontal capturing angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do satellite images differ from orthophoto maps?

    <p>Sensor data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of digital information's representation makes it crucial for data processing precision?

    <p>Specific numerical coding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes orthophoto maps from aerial photographs?

    <p>Geometric map qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of orthophoto maps?

    <p>Combining visual detail with geometric qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic best describes horizontal photographs?

    <p>Taken with the camera pointed horizontally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of satellite images in terms of data collection?

    <p>Provides detailed digital images of Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are modern developments in vertical aerial photographs considered significant?

    <p>Improved film quality and automation processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge associated with the use of orthophoto maps?

    <p>Inaccurate scale accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In GIS, what key aspect enables global monitoring and real-time environmental assessments?

    <p>Continuous data collection from satellites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant development that has enhanced the speed and accuracy of orthophoto production?

    <p>'Automation' through digital mapping cameras since 2008</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Geo-referencing' in integrating aerial images with GIS involves aligning photos with what geographical aspect?

    <p>'Specific Points' on Earth using GPS and survey techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Vertical aerial photographs' are essential for creating topographic maps with what key characteristic?

    <p>'Historical Perspective' of geographic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Topographic maps' primarily show detailed natural and human-made features derived from what type of photographs?

    <p>'Vertical Aerial Photographs'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the focus of 'Theme Development' when organizing collected data?

    <p>Organization around key themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of regions do cartographers strive to maintain when creating map projections?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which projection is known for accurately representing the global shape but distorting direction and distance?

    <p>Robinson Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When working in a group during fieldwork, what is the significance of 'Role Allocation in Teams'?

    <p>Assigning clear roles and responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of 'Data Gathering,' why is it important to decide whether the data will be quantitative or qualitative?

    <p>To select the appropriate data collection tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the angle between magnetic north and true north known as?

    <p>Magnetic Declination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do closely spaced contours on a map typically indicate?

    <p>Steep slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of 'Documentation' in fieldwork?

    <p>Recording findings according to themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using map scales on maps?

    <p>Relate map distances to actual ground distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is 'Localizing Your Investigation/Fieldwork' important during the planning phase?

    <p>To ensure alignment with the local context and community engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When it comes to 'Engaging with Stakeholders/Local Environment,' why is identifying information sources crucial?

    <p>To decide who will provide needed information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the steps involved in measuring an angle with a compass?

    <p>Identify the reference point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Finding a Topic' in fieldwork refers to the identification of what kind of issue?

    <p>Current, relevant, and interesting issues affecting the local community or environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when interpreting traditional maps according to the text?

    <p>Interpreting map symbols and scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor contributes to the complexity of traditional maps as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Understanding map legends and symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced in maintaining up-to-date traditional maps?

    <p>Bearing the costs of frequent updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill is essential for effectively using alphanumeric grids on atlas maps?

    <p>Reading latitude and longitude coordinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a compass when used in conjunction with a map?

    <p>Facilitating navigation by indicating cardinal points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are keys (legends) crucial components in atlases?

    <p>To explain the symbols and color codes used in maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of thematic maps found in atlases?

    <p>Depiction of specific types of information based on themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect to understand for effectively using local maps?

    <p>Specific locations like cities or towns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do relief maps differ from political maps according to the text?

    <p>Illustration of physical landscape features like mountains and rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of GIS in supporting various fields?

    <p>Facilitating government planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of GIS software development?

    <p>Involvement of programmers and geographers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS technology benefit urban planning?

    <p>By supporting infrastructure design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes GIS technology versatile in its applications?

    <p>Its flexibility in handling spatial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of GIS technology enhances detailed data addition?

    <p>User input capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are digital formats preferred for storing geographical data?

    <p>To improve data accessibility and manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect to consider during 'Preliminary Research' before beginning fieldwork?

    <p>Understanding the topic's background and scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of 'Data Gathering,' what is one key factor to decide upon regarding the collected data?

    <p>Deciding whether the data will be quantitative or qualitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is engaging with local stakeholders crucial during fieldwork according to the provided information?

    <p>To understand the scope of the topic better</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant part of 'Localizing Your Investigation/Fieldwork' to ensure alignment with the local context?

    <p>Planning and actively engaging with the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of 'Working Effectively' in the field involves organizing roles and responsibilities if working in a group?

    <p>Role allocation in teams with clear responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role during 'Recording and Reporting Your Findings' in terms of data organization?

    <p>Recording findings according to identified themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of orthophoto maps that makes them particularly useful for detailed planning and analysis?

    <p>Ease of Updating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology has contributed to the automation and improved accuracy of vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Digital mapping cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of satellite images over other aerial photographic methods?

    <p>Global coverage for continuous data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage associated with vertical aerial photographs compared to orthophoto maps?

    <p>Scale accuracy at the center only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do orthophoto maps differ from topographic maps in terms of functionality?

    <p>Combining visual detail with geometric qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of satellite image data collection enables its easy integration into GIS for enhanced analysis?

    <p>Global Coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are recent full-color orthophotos challenging to obtain for public and professional use?

    <p>Accessibility issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial skill for accurate direction finding using a magnetic compass?

    <p>Understanding the declination angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are keys (legends) important in atlases?

    <p>To guide in using symbols and colors on the maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using atlas maps, what does a map scale indicate?

    <p>The relationship between a distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For effective use of atlas maps, why is understanding map symbols important?

    <p>To recognize different features or items represented on the maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do thematic maps in atlases differ from relief maps?

    <p>Thematic maps display specific information based on themes while relief maps illustrate physical landscapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is familiarity with map scales crucial for interpreting traditional maps?

    <p>To determine distances between landmarks accurately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does alphanumeric grids play in using atlas maps effectively?

    <p>Assist in locating specific areas within the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Adjusting the Compass' when using a magnetic compass involves:

    <p>'North' on the compass card pointing to true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Using Compass Points,' how are directions described from a reference point?

    <p>'North' to 'East' directions and intermediate points are used for description</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of GIS makes it a dynamic tool that evolves to meet changing needs?

    <p>Customization and Specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes orthophoto maps from standard aerial photographs?

    <p>Uniform scale across the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes digitized information particularly crucial for fields like data science and economics?

    <p>Ease of access and manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is precision and reliability highlighted as important aspects of digital information processing?

    <p>Because accuracy is paramount in certain fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do oblique aerial photographs differ from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>They capture features from a horizontal viewpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary benefit do satellite images offer for users in geographic information systems (GIS)?

    <p>Ability to highlight different aspects of the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are orthophoto maps considered valuable for spatial analysis and mapping?

    <p>(due to) Correction for topographic relief, lens distortion, and camera tilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Low Oblique Aerial Photographs' differ from 'High Oblique Aerial Photographs' primarily in terms of what?

    <p>(Perspective) angle from the vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Interoperability' is a key advantage of digital data primarily because it:

    <p>(Allows) sharing across various platforms and industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential role does customization play in making GIS effective as a tool for spatial analysis?

    <p>It tailors information to meet unique user requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant difference between a Mercator Projection and a Robinson Projection?

    <p>Preservation of relative landmass shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In map projections, what is the primary goal of conserving 'direction'?

    <p>Depicting the directions between locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do closely spaced contours on a map differ from widely spaced contours?

    <p>Represent steep and gentle slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key properties that cartographers strive to maintain in map projections?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring an angle with a compass according to the text?

    <p>Find the direction to a target point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using line scales on maps for distance measurement?

    <p>Direct reading without calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do contours on a map contribute to understanding an area's topography according to the text?

    <p>Connecting points of equal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ratios or number scales commonly used on maps for distance representation?

    <p>Preserve true distances without distortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using geographic grids on maps?

    <p>Aid in accurate location pinpointing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is magnetic declination considered important for accurate navigation on maps?

    <p>Accounts for variations between magnetic and true north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role in GIS software development according to the text?

    <p>Understanding of geographic information needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS enhance data addition according to the text?

    <p>By enabling the upload of detailed and varied information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinct characteristic of vertical aerial photographs compared to oblique ones?

    <p>They primarily show the ground surface without the horizon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do closely spaced contours on a map differ from widely spaced contours?

    <p>They depict regions with steeper slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the function of satellite images from aerial photographs in GIS?

    <p>Satellite images offer real-time data updates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does GIS technology benefit urban planning according to the information provided?

    <p>By supporting land planners in decision-making processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of orthophoto maps discussed in the text?

    <p>Ease of updating for dynamic planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes vertical aerial photographs from horizontal photographs?

    <p>Captured directly overhead from aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are satellite images considered beneficial for GIS integration?

    <p>Global coverage enabling real-time environmental assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of GIS integration, what is a key disadvantage associated with vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>Require scanning and digitization for GIS use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ground surveying play in integrating aerial photographic images into GIS?

    <p>Precise measurement of distances between points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological advancement has improved the speed and accuracy of orthophoto production?

    <p>Digital mapping cameras allowing scale correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is limited availability an issue with orthophoto maps according to the text?

    <p>'Not yet available for all regions,' hindering comprehensive analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates horizontal photographs from vertical aerial photographs?

    <p>'Captured with the camera pointed directly horizontally'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a legend (key) in an atlas?

    <p>To explain the symbols and color codes used in maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining up-to-date maps considered costly?

    <p>Involves frequent revision of geographic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes thematic maps from political maps in an atlas?

    <p>Using colors and symbols based on themes like climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are alphanumeric grids beneficial on atlas maps?

    <p>To help pinpoint specific locations on the map</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skill is fundamental for accurate navigation using a map?

    <p>Describing directions with a compass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map would be ideal for someone interested in topographical details like elevation?

    <p>Relief Maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do regional maps differ from local maps?

    <p>Regional maps cover specific parts of a country, while local maps detail smaller areas like cities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Describing Position with Coordinates,' what does latitude indicate?

    <p>Distance north or south of the Equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Theme Development' in organizing data typically focuses on which aspect?

    <p><strong>Natural resources and vegetation</strong> distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Map Grids' on atlas maps aid in which of the following?

    <p><strong>Pinpointing locations</strong> precisely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between quantitative and qualitative data gathering in fieldwork?

    <p>Quantitative data involves measurements like counting, while qualitative data focuses on perspectives and opinions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is aligning fieldwork with the local context important?

    <p>To enhance understanding of the community and ensure relevance of the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of organizing roles and responsibilities in a group during fieldwork?

    <p>To ensure coordination, clarity, and efficiency in completing tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity falls under 'Preliminary Research' before starting fieldwork?

    <p>Determining necessary background information and understanding the topic scope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is classifying collected data into categories such as fact, opinion, consensus, and notable contrasts important?

    <p>To simplify the data analysis process and enhance theme development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fieldwork, why is preparing a concise report in an accepted format crucial?

    <p>To ensure objective evaluation of the collected data is effectively communicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of orthophoto maps over traditional aerial photographs?

    <p>They correct for topographic relief and distortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes a high oblique aerial photograph from a low oblique one?

    <p>Shows a tilted camera angle of approximately 60° from the vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are satellite images particularly useful in environmental studies?

    <p>They can collect data in various electromagnetic wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does digital information enhance data handling compared to traditional methods?

    <p>It enables the storage and processing of larger quantities of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic that makes vertical aerial photographs essential for accurate spatial representation?

    <p>They ensure spatial relationships between features are accurately depicted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does customization play in making GIS a powerful tool in spatial analysis?

    <p>It tailors and provides specific information for unique user needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Interoperability' in the context of digital data refers to its ability to:

    <p>Be easily shared and integrated across various platforms and industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Precision and Reliability' in digital information processing is particularly crucial for maintaining:

    <p>Consistent quality in displayed data visualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Low Oblique Aerial Photographs' differ from 'High Oblique Aerial Photographs' primarily in terms of their:

    <p>'Horizontal vs. vertical angle' when capturing images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Vertical Aerial Photographs' are crucial for depicting spatial relationships accurately due to their:

    <p>'Near-perpendicular camera axis' to the ground position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of regions do map projections aim to maintain as much as possible?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of map projection is known for accurately representing angles and directions but distorting shapes and distances, particularly near the poles?

    <p>Mercator Projection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between Magnetic North and True North?

    <p>True North is a fixed point while Magnetic North continuously shifts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are contours on a map used to represent?

    <p>Points of equal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are widely spaced contours on a map interpreted in terms of slope?

    <p>Moderate slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using line scales on maps?

    <p>To allow direct reading of distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fieldwork, what does the mnemonic 'FIELDWORK' stand for?

    <p>'Finding a Topic, Ideally Entering Local Data, Working Out Results Keenly'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Measure Bearings' in geography refers to:

    <p>'Reading compass directions'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Identify Landforms' in geography often involves distinguishing between:

    <p>'Convex and Concave Slopes'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do map projections distort most significantly near the poles?

    <p>Shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between population distribution and population density?

    <p>Population distribution refers to where people are spread, while population density measures the number of people per unit area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mountainous regions often have low population densities?

    <p>Because of challenging living conditions, rugged terrain, and often harsh climates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor contributing to low habitation in desert areas?

    <p>Lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region would be most likely to have a low population density?

    <p>Tropical rainforest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does extreme weather impact population density in cold regions?

    <p>It results in challenging living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the natural increase measure in a population?

    <p>The difference between birth and death rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are birth rate and death rate calculated based on the provided formulas?

    <p>By multiplying total births or deaths by 1,000 and dividing by the total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the life expectancy of a population?

    <p>Healthcare quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a population pyramid, what does a wide base and narrow top signify in LEDCs?

    <p>High birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the fertility rate of a population affected according to the text?

    <p>By socio-economic conditions only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be deduced from the shape and breadth of a population pyramid?

    <p>Birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can dramatically alter population figures and structures in a given region?

    <p>Natural disasters and wars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Natural decrease' in a population occurs when:

    <p>Death rate exceeds birth rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Population dynamics' primarily refer to the impact of:

    <p>'Migration', wars, and natural disasters on populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor NOT mentioned as influencing death rates in a population?

    <p>Access to contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by low birth and death rates leading to population stabilization?

    <p>Low Stationary (Stage 4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes significantly to the 'population explosion' since 1800?

    <p>Advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of country would be considered overpopulated based on the information provided?

    <p>A country with low density but falling living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by urbanization leading to decreased birth rates and continued low death rates?

    <p>Late Expanding (Stage 3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant challenge presented by the world adding approximately 90 million people annually, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Depletion of natural resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of population movement involves people moving within the same country?

    <p>Internal Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Demographic Transition Model, what does a 'wide base' in a population pyramid typically indicate?

    <p>High birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor influencing the world's projected population of around 10.4 billion by 2200?

    <p>'Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) experiencing rapid growth'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overpopulation' is not solely dependent on population density but also on:

    <p>'Living standards amidst population changes'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Temporary Migration' differs from 'Permanent Migration' in that temporary migrants:

    <p>'Plan to return to their home country after a period'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the destabilization of families due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Loss of income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death in regions with high HIV infection rates in Southern Africa?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which province in Southern Africa experienced a decrease in HIV infection rates between 2002 and 2008?

    <p>Gauteng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of transhumance movements discussed in the text?

    <p>Moving livestock between seasonal pastures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do immigrants and refugees often face hostility or discrimination according to the text?

    <p>Perception of straining local resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes HIV from AIDS according to the text?

    <p>Weakening of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do push factors differ from pull factors in migration?

    <p>Push factors force people to leave, while pull factors attract them to a new location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant impact of rural-urban migration on neglected farms?

    <p>Decreased productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable challenge faced by over 13 million refugees worldwide?

    <p>Hostility and discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding population movements crucial according to the text?

    <p>To address challenges related to migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant role of the oceans in sustaining life on Earth?

    <p>Being a major source of oxygen production through photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily drives surface ocean currents?

    <p>Wind affecting the movement of water at the ocean surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents influence the climate above them?

    <p>Heating the air to increase its capacity to hold water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of cold ocean currents on climate?

    <p>Cooling the air, resulting in drier weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Coriolis effect influence in terms of ocean currents?

    <p>Horizontal deflection of water movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is overfishing considered a significant problem related to oceans?

    <p>It results in reduced fish stocks and imbalanced ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm oceans contribute to local economies?

    <p>By supporting vibrant tourism industries along coastlines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of desalination processes applied to seawater?

    <p>Producing freshwater resources in arid regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial factor influencing the movement of deep ocean currents?

    <p>Density differences caused by salinity variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are tourism and trade mentioned as interconnected economic activities related to oceans?

    <p>They harness resources from warm and nutrient-rich oceans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common state of water on Earth?

    <p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for cloud formation in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is fresh water?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon leads to the formation of ice on water bodies like lakes and oceans?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of the increase in child-headed households due to HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Decreased life expectancy in adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is identified as the most affected by HIV/AIDS in terms of mortality rates?

    <p>50-70 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does ice float on water according to the text?

    <p>It expands and becomes more dense than water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual rainfall in South Africa, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>450 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are dams in South Africa essential, as discussed in the text?

    <p>To provide water for urban needs and control floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of urbanization on water resources in South Africa according to the text?

    <p>Altered river flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy in South Africa?

    <p>To provide 6,000 liters of free water per month to every household</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does climate change impact water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells and more severe floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of rivers and lakes in South Africa according to the text?

    <p>Significant river size compared to other African rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sustainable water use important according to the text?

    <p>To maintain water quality and conservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do municipalities play in water management in South Africa?

    <p>Providing and purifying water for the populace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Land Use and Human Activities' impact water availability in South Africa by:

    <p>Altering river flows through urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Predicted Climate Change Impacts' on South Africa include:

    <p>Longer dry spells and more severe floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary physical cause of floods as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Snow melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity is identified as a cause of increased flood severity according to the text?

    <p>Deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial factor do hydrographs help in understanding?

    <p>River discharge over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of flood risk management strategies discussed in the text?

    <p>Constructing flood defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does urbanization typically do to the lag time and discharge according to the text?

    <p>Decrease lag time and discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial tool for managing floods that involves efficient forecasting and alert systems?

    <p>Warning systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Low-lying areas are susceptible to flooding due to what geological factor?'

    <p>'Geographical relief'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'What is the delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge known as?'

    <p>'Lag time'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Which human activity can lead to downstream flooding due to faulty dams?'

    <p>'Poor water management'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a census as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To collect demographic information about everyone in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low population densities in mountainous regions according to the text?

    <p>Harsh climate and rugged terrain making living conditions challenging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do densely forested tropical regions tend to have low population densities according to the text?

    <p>Inaccessibility and harsh living conditions deterring dense human settlement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature characterizes cold regions that contribute to low population densities?

    <p>Extreme weather conditions making survival difficult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lack of water and resources impact habitation in desert areas according to the text?

    <p>Contributes to low habitation due to harsh climate and scarcity of essential resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does population density measure as mentioned in the text?

    <p>The number of people living per unit area like square kilometers or square miles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of collecting data on age, sex, ethnic group, religious belief, and occupation during a census?

    <p>To predict future needs like schooling and healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the death rate calculated based on the provided formulas?

    <p>Total deaths multiplied by 1,000 and divided by total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT influence the fertility rate of a population according to the text?

    <p>Life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly affects life expectancy in a population?

    <p>Access to education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of a population pyramid, what does a wide base and narrow top primarily indicate?

    <p>High birth rates and low life expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key information provided by population pyramids about a population's structure?

    <p>Age and gender distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the natural increase measure in a population?

    <p>Difference between birth rate and death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do MEDCs typically differ from LEDCs in terms of population pyramids?

    <p>'LEDCs have more uniform age distributions'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Natural decrease' in a population occurs when:

    <p>'Death rate exceeds the fertility rate'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Rate of natural increase' is calculated using which formula according to the text?

    <p>(Birth Rate - Death Rate) * 1000 / Total Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between voluntary and forced migration?

    <p>Voluntary migration involves movement for better opportunities, while forced migration is involuntary due to unfavorable conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common pull factor for migration according to the text?

    <p>Favorable climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do rural areas face a cycle of poverty due to rural-urban migration?

    <p>Neglected farms and decreased productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement involves people relocating permanently influenced by economic opportunities?

    <p>Permanent movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges do immigrants and refugees often face according to the text?

    <p>Perception of strain on local resources and job competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HIV represent in the context of AIDS?

    <p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in Southern Africa experienced a decrease in HIV infection rates according to the text?

    <p>Gauteng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason attributed to the significant growth in the global population since 1800?

    <p>Advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Demographic Transition Model, which stage is characterized by low birth and death rates leading to population stabilization?

    <p>Stage 4 – Low Stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do wide bases on population pyramids, as seen in the 'Expanding' stage, typically indicate?

    <p>High birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criterion determines if a country is considered overpopulated or not according to the text?

    <p>Both population density and economic system sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of living standards, why is Singapore mentioned in the text as an example of successful family planning?

    <p>Rising living standards despite high density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of population movement involves migrants settling in the new location indefinitely?

    <p>Immigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overpopulation' is determined based on:

    <p>'Population density increase' and 'Living standards decrease'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Late Expanding' stage in the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by:

    <p>Urbanization leading to decreased birth rates and low death rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stationary' population structures, as seen in Stages 3-4 of the Demographic Transition Model, are characterized by:

    <p>'Narrow base as birth rates decline'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do warm ocean currents play in influencing climate patterns?

    <p>Heating the air, increasing its water vapor capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily drives surface ocean currents?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main environmental threat posed by overfishing?

    <p>Decreased marine biodiversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is commonly used to provide fresh water from seawater?

    <p>Desalination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a detrimental effect of ocean pollution on marine life?

    <p>Devastating effects on marine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Coriolis effect impact ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>Causes deflection to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of oxygen production in the oceans?

    <p>Algae and plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic activity significantly depends on nutrient-rich cold waters like those in the Benguela current?

    <p>Fishing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents contribute to local economies?

    <p>Influencing trade and economic activities positively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by desalination processes?

    <p>Harmful effects on marine life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is identified as the most affected by HIV and AIDS according to the text?

    <p>30-39 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increase in child-headed households due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Imbalance in infection rates between men and women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of HIV/AIDS on the economically active population according to the text?

    <p>Increased mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the hydrological cycle involves cloud formation and the development of precipitation?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fresh water is held in icecaps and glaciers according to the text?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average annual rainfall in South Africa, compared to the global average?

    <p>About 450 mm, significantly lower than the global average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge associated with dams in South Africa?

    <p>They can lead to flooding and disruptions in traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of urbanization on water resources?

    <p>Increased runoff due to reduced infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to water pollution in South Africa's water bodies?

    <p>Fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in implementing the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy in South Africa?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints in rapidly urbanizing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams impact ecosystems and biodiversity in South Africa?

    <p>They lead to flooding and disruptions in ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary use of dams in South Africa?

    <p>Providing water for urban needs, irrigation, hydroelectric power, and flood control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dams contribute to climate change impacts?

    <p>They increase the frequency and severity of floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of municipalities' role in South Africa's water management?

    <p>Responsibility for buying, purifying, and distributing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes sustainable water use challenging in South Africa?

    <p>Increasing wastage and pollution demanding extensive treatment efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activities can exacerbate the frequency and severity of floods according to the text?

    <p>Enhancing surface runoff through deforestation and poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can lead to significant coastal flooding as described in the text?

    <p>Strong onshore winds combined with high tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge influencing flood potential?

    <p>Lag time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of flood hydrographs as per the text?

    <p>Showing river discharge changes over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for understanding river discharge over time according to the text?

    <p><strong>Use of hydrographs</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of flood management strategies described in the text?

    <p><strong>Heavy reliance on nature-based solutions</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Population Distribution' refer to?

    <p>How people are spread across the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of region are extreme weather conditions a key factor contributing to low population densities?

    <p>Cold Regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to low habitation in Desert Areas?

    <p>Harsh climate and lack of water and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Census?

    <p>Collecting demographic information about every person in a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of region typically experiences challenges related to accessibility and harsh living conditions?

    <p>Densely Forested Tropical Regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Population Density' measure?

    <p>The number of people living per unit area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to the 'population explosion' as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by urbanization leading to decreased birth rates?

    <p>Stage 3 – Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of population pyramids, a 'Declining' population structure (Stage 5) is demonstrated by which of the following characteristics?

    <p>Narrow base due to very low birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country, despite having high population density, is not considered overpopulated due to rising living standards?

    <p>Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criterion determines whether a country is considered overpopulated according to the text?

    <p>Economic system sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of population movement involves the movement of people within the same country?

    <p>Internal Migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Temporary' international migration differs from 'Permanent' international migration in terms of:

    <p>Settlement intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overpopulation' is not solely dependent on population density but also on:

    <p>'Economic system sustainability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Early Expanding' stage in the Demographic Transition Model is primarily characterized by:

    <p>'Rapid population growth'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action has Singapore successfully implemented to control its population growth according to the text?

    <p>Successful family planning measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a population does 'natural decrease' refer to?

    <p>The decline in population due to higher death rates than birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing life expectancy in a population?

    <p>Access to contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the 'fertility rate' of a population calculated according to the text?

    <p>By dividing the total population by the number of children expected per woman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metric helps in understanding the growth potential of a population?

    <p>Fertility Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of country would you expect a population pyramid with a wide base and narrow top?

    <p>Less Economically Developed Country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Natural Increase' in population occurs when:

    <p>Birth rate exceeds death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Population Dynamics' primarily involve:

    <p>'Migration', wars, and natural disasters effect on population figures and structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Life Expectancy' is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p>'Fertility Rate'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Males are typically shown on the left, and females on the right' refers to:

    <p>'Population Pyramids'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Rate of natural increase' is calculated by:

    <p>'Death Rate' minus 'Birth Rate', multiplied by 1000 and divided by total population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes migration influenced by personal choice?

    <p>Voluntary migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a 'pull factor' for migration?

    <p>Better employment opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of rural-urban migration, what issue arises when economically active individuals move, leaving dependents behind?

    <p>Neglected farms and economic decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for temporary movements of people?

    <p>Regular travel between home and work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the movement of livestock between seasonal pastures?

    <p>Seasonal movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge do immigrants and refugees commonly face based on the perception of competition for resources?

    <p>Hostility or discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus leads to the condition known as AIDS by weakening the immune system?

    <p>HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of death in regions with high HIV infection rates like Malawi and Botswana?

    <p>HIV/AIDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which province experienced a decrease in HIV infection rates from 2002 to 2008 according to the text?

    <p>Gauteng</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does HIV/AIDS have on the agriculture sector, contributing to economic challenges?

    <p>Significant losses in productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of drier conditions influenced by cold ocean currents?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor causes water to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>Earth's Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents support marine biodiversity and ecosystems?

    <p>By regulating water temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy resource obtained from beneath the ocean floor?

    <p>Oil and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do warm ocean currents impact climate in north-western Europe?

    <p>By increasing capacity to hold water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common economic activity facilitated by nutrient-rich cold waters in ocean currents?

    <p>Fishing industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is overfishing considered a significant problem related to oceans?

    <p>It results in reduced fish stocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aquaculture, mentioned in the text, refers to:

    <p><strong>Fish farming</strong> practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the movement of deep ocean currents according to the text?

    <p>Colder water density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environmental issue discussed in relation to ocean pollution?

    <p>Waste dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's water is held in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process releases water vapor into the air in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Evapotranspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is identified as the most affected by HIV and AIDS?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of water covers about 71% of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Liquid Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which water returns from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines ice in its solid state compared to liquid water?

    <p>Less dense and floats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main impact of higher infection rates in women than men due to HIV and AIDS?

    <p>Rise in child-headed households</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Water Vapor' condenses into clouds due to what process?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge faced by South Africa due to its semi-arid nature?

    <p>Limited availability of large lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the impact of dams on ecosystems, biodiversity, and water quality?

    <p>Increased runoff and stream flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the actual implementation of South Africa's Free Basic Water policy challenging?

    <p>Financial and logistical constraints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization affect water availability in South Africa?

    <p>Reduces infiltration and increases runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy for sustainable water use mentioned in the text?

    <p>Recycling water and reducing wastage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do predicted climate change impacts affect runoff in South Africa?

    <p>Varying effects on runoff levels in different regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major role do municipalities play in the context of water management in South Africa?

    <p>Managing local water resources and ensuring quality supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do dams have an impact on settlements and ecosystems according to the text?

    <p>By influencing river flows and water quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of South African rivers compared to other major African rivers?

    <p>Relatively smaller size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do major water infrastructure projects in South Africa contribute to water availability?

    <p>Through projects like dams and inter-basin water transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor that can lead to coastal flooding?

    <p>Snow melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urbanization affect lag time and discharge in hydrographs?

    <p>Urbanization increases discharge and reduces lag time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant human cause of flooding related to water management?

    <p>Dam faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are hydrographs important for understanding river discharge?

    <p>To display changes in river discharge over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of flood risk management strategies?

    <p>Establishing early warning systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In flood management, what does constructing barriers and levees aim to prevent?

    <p>River overflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does deforestation contribute to the severity of floods?

    <p>It enhances surface runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human activity adds to the vulnerability of low-lying areas to flooding?

    <p>Deforestation and poor farming practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of establishing early warning systems in flood-prone areas?

    <p>To allow for timely evacuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the low population density in mountainous regions?

    <p>Rugged terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do densely forested tropical regions have low population densities?

    <p>Inaccessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for low population densities in cold regions?

    <p>Harsh climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do desert areas contribute to low habitation?

    <p>Harsh climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging for people to live comfortably in sparsely populated regions?

    <p>Lack of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of population distribution, which factor plays a significant role in determining population density?

    <p>Geographical factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between voluntary migration and forced migration?

    <p>The reasons driving the migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT typically contribute to rural-urban migration?

    <p>Enhanced educational opportunities in rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding attitudes towards refugees and immigrants?

    <p>They are perceived as taking away local jobs and straining resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do seasonal movements like transhumance differ from permanent movements mentioned in the text?

    <p>Duration of the movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does HIV have on the immune system, leading to AIDS?

    <p>It weakens the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common social effect of HIV and AIDS mentioned in the text?

    <p>Destabilization of families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region in Southern Africa has experienced the lowest HIV infection rates?

    <p>Western Cape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Pull factors' for migration typically include all of the following EXCEPT:

    <p>'Push' factors like wars and conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Closely spaced contours on a map' are commonly associated with:

    <p>Flat terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a common reason for urbanization from rural areas?

    <p>Desire to be with family and friends in rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary factors contributing to the global population explosion since 1800?

    <p>Advancements in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of the Demographic Transition Model does urbanization lead to decreased birth rates while low death rates continue?

    <p>Stage 3 – Late Expanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a population structure in the 'Declining' stage of the Demographic Transition Model?

    <p>Narrow base due to very low birth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is cited as not being overpopulated despite high population density?

    <p>Netherlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key criterion for determining if a country is considered overpopulated?

    <p>Decrease in living standards due to population growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by low birth and death rates resulting in population stabilization?

    <p>Stage 4 – Low Stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Overpopulation' is determined not only by population density but also by its impact on:

    <p>Economic system sustainability and living standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stage 5 – Declining' in the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by:

    <p>Low birth and high death rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key trend regarding Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) in terms of global population growth?

    <p>Experiencing about 95% of global population growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the projection suggest about the potential global population by 2200 according to the text?

    <p>It will stabilize around 10.4 billion people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the birth rate measure in a population?

    <p>Number of live births per 1,000 people per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence fertility rates in a population?

    <p>Healthcare quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the death rate calculated in a population based on the provided formulas?

    <p>Total deaths divided by total population multiplied by 1,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'Stage 5' population structure typically indicate?

    <p>Declining population and aging population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the rate of natural increase reflect in a population?

    <p>Difference between birth and death rates per 100 people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key metric used to understand the growth potential of a population?

    <p>Fertility Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly influences life expectancy in a population?

    <p>General health and longevity insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime measure?

    <p>'Fertility Rate' in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure provides insights into the general health and longevity of a population?

    <p>'Death Rate'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are warm ocean currents crucial for local economies?

    <p>They support diverse marine ecosystems and fishing industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of overfishing on marine biodiversity?

    <p>Destruction of vital habitats for fish species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Coriolis effect influence ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere?

    <p>Causes water to move to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process contributes to shaping global shipping routes based on the text?

    <p>Ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of desalination processes according to the content?

    <p>To provide fresh water from seawater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in sustaining life on Earth as mentioned in the text?

    <p><strong>Ocean currents</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What threatens marine biodiversity and necessitates initiatives like SASSI for sustainable seafood?

    <p><strong>Overfishing</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Renewable energy resources from oceans do NOT include:

    <p><strong>Oil and gas extraction</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Major ocean currents influence climate patterns by:

    <p><strong>Heating the air above them</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gravity affects ocean currents mainly by:

    <p><strong>Influencing vertical circulation of water</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the higher infection rates of HIV and AIDS in women compared to men?

    <p>Biological factors such as hormonal differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of ice distinguishes it from liquid water?

    <p>Expansion upon freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of Earth's fresh water held in icecaps and glaciers?

    <p>68.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for cloud formation in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driver of the hydrological cycle on Earth?

    <p>Solar energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is identified as the most affected by HIV and AIDS, impacting economic productivity?

    <p>20-49 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for coastal flooding according to the text?

    <p>Onshore winds and high tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does urbanization typically have on lag time and discharge in flood management?

    <p>Urbanization shortens lag time and increases discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of hydrographs in understanding river discharge patterns over time?

    <p>Display of river discharge changes during storm events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do early warning systems aid in flood management strategies?

    <p>They educate communities about flood risks and trigger evacuations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is preserving wetlands considered an important strategy in urban flood management?

    <p>To manage water flow and enhance infiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of efficient forecasting systems in flood risk management?

    <p>To provide timely alerts to residents about impending floods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does debris accumulation pose a risk for flooding according to the text?

    <p>It obstructs water flow, causing rivers to overflow onto adjacent lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Developing land-use policies that limit development in known flood-prone areas' is an example of what type of flood management strategy?

    <p>'Policy development' initiative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Construction of barriers and levees to prevent overflow' falls under which aspect of flood risk management?

    <p>'Flood Risk Management'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Decrease in water-borne diseases like cholera due to stagnant water' is an example of what kind of flood management strategy?

    <p>'Impact on Society'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge posed by climate change to water management in South Africa?

    <p>Longer dry spells in certain areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dams in South Africa?

    <p>Providing water for urban needs and hydroelectric power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to water pollution in South Africa?

    <p>Pollution from fertilizers and pesticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of rivers in South Africa compared to other major African rivers?

    <p>South African rivers are generally smaller in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the implementation of the Free Basic Water (FBW) policy challenging?

    <p>Logistical and financial constraints, especially in rapidly urbanizing areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of dams on settlements and ecosystems according to the text?

    <p>Disruptions in traditional living areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor affecting water availability and quality in South Africa?

    <p>Fertilizer runoff from agricultural lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of municipalities in South Africa regarding water?

    <p>Buying, purifying, and distributing water to the populace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy mentioned for sustainable water use in the text?

    <p>Recycling water and reducing wastage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do urbanization and human activities impact water availability according to the text?

    <p>Urbanization reduces infiltration and increases polluted runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

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