17 Questions
What are the three main components of total daily energy expenditure?
Resting metabolic rate, physical activity, thermic effect of food
What happens to the majority of food intake and energy expenditure in a 24-hour period?
Food intake occurs in three short periods, energy expenditure is continuous
Which factor does not influence the resting metabolic rate (RMR)?
Daily protein intake
What characterizes situations leading to an increase in metabolism rate?
Strenuous physical exercise and severe illness like infections
Which major metabolic pathway involves the breakdown of glucose for energy production?
Gluconeogenesis
What is the primary purpose of oxidative phosphorylation in metabolism?
Generation of ATP using electron transport chain
What is the primary function of cortisol in promoting gluconeogenesis?
Raising the cellular concentration of pyruvate carboxylase in liver tissue
What is the main purpose of storing creatine phosphate (CP) in muscle tissue?
To quickly regenerate ATP from ADP during intense muscle work
In longer runs, why is there a greater demand for oxidative phosphorylation over glycolysis?
Oxidative phosphorylation yields a higher energy output but at a slower rate than glycolysis
What is the primary source of energy for a marathon runner during the race?
A cooperative effort between muscle, liver, and adipose tissue
Why does the running pace need to be slower during prolonged oxidative phosphorylation compared to glycolysis?
Oxidative phosphorylation generates less ATP compared to glycolysis
Why are total glycogen stores insufficient to provide 150 mol of ATP for marathon runners?
Fat breakdown is necessary due to the inadequacy of glycogen stores
What is the role of NADPH in human metabolism?
It is the redox agent for reductive biosynthesis
Which of the following best describes the thermic effect of food?
It is the energy used by the digestive system to process food
What is the main function of macronutrients in human metabolism?
Store and release energy in the body
Which statement accurately describes the resting metabolic rate (RMR)?
It is the energy required to maintain basic bodily functions at rest
How are macronutrients and micronutrients classified in human nutrition?
Based on their functions in metabolism
Test your knowledge about the integrated metabolism of the human body under different states, including reaction chemistries of individual metabolic pathways and the integration of metabolic pathways regulated by neurotransmitters and hormones.
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