Integer Data Types in SQL

Database administrator = Responsible for securing the database system against unauthorized users Authorization = Database systems authorize individual users to access specific data Query processor = Interprets queries, creates a plan to modify the database or retrieve data Transaction manager = Ensures transactions are properly executed

Rules = Ensure data is consistent with structural and business rules Storage manager = Translates the query processor instructions into low-level file-system commands Query optimization = Ensure the most efficient instructions are executed on the data Indexes = Used to quickly locate data in databases of varying sizes

Database administrator = Enforces procedures for user access and database system availability Query processor = Returns query results to the application Transaction manager = Ensures transactions are properly executed Storage manager = Uses indexes to quickly locate data

<p>Transaction manager = Responsible for preventing conflicts between concurrent transactions and restoring a database to a consistent state in case of failure Logical design phase = Converts entities, relationships, and attributes into tables, keys, and columns API like MySQL Command-Line Client = Used to execute SQL statements Data independence = Principle ensuring query results are not affected by physical design changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE operations (MongoDB) = Supported operations in MongoDB CREATE TABLE statement (SQL) = Defines a new table with specified names and data types CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE statements (SQL) = Operations for creating, deleting, and modifying tables and their structure Integer data types (SQL) = Includes INT (4 bytes) and SMALLINT (2 bytes) for representing positive and negative integers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logical design phase = Converts entities, relationships, and attributes into tables, keys, and columns Physical design phase = Adds indexes and optimizes table organization on storage media Business rules = Based on specific database requirements SQL sublanguages = DDL, DQL, DML, DCL, and DTL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data types = Defines the type of data that a column can hold Arithmetic operators = Used for performing mathematical calculations in SQL Constraints = Rules that prevent invalid data from being inserted or updated in a table Foreign key = A column or group of columns that references a primary key</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UPDATE = Modifying existing rows DELETE = Deleting rows TRUNCATE = Deleting all rows in a table ALTER TABLE = Modifying table data and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-joins = Joining a table to itself Cross-joins = Creating a Cartesian product of two tables Materialized views = Precomputed views stored as physical tables Subqueries = Nested queries within another query</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SET = Used to update data in a table WHERE = Filters the rows returned in a query ON = Specifies the join condition REFLEXIVE RELATIONSHIP = Relates an entity to itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heap table = Optimizes insert operations and fast for bulk load of many rows Sorted table = Database designer identifies a sort column that determines physical row order Hash table = Rows are assigned to buckets and uses a simple hash function with four steps Table cluster = Interleaves rows of two or more tables in the same storage area</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Table scan = Reads table blocks directly without accessing an index Index scan = Reads index blocks sequentially in order to locate the needed table blocks Dense index = Contains an entry for every table row Sparse index = Contains an entry for every table block</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hash index = Index entries are assigned to buckets Bitmap index = A grid of bits containing ones and zeros Logical index = Uses a logical function for indexing Function index = Uses a specific function for indexing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logical design = Specifies tables, columns, and keys Physical design = Specifies indexes, table structures, and partitions Storage engine = Translates instructions generated by a query processor into low-level commands that access data on storage media Tablespace = Maps one or more tables to a single file</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entities = Represented as rectangles, with types being sets of things and instances being individual things Attributes = Represented as sets of values and are usually transformed into tables, columns, and keys Cardinality = Refers to the maximum and minimum number of instances of one entity that can relate to a single instance of another entity Subtype entities = A subset of a supertype entity and are documented within the supertype entity in an ER diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary keys = Unique identifiers for a table that should be stable, simple, and meaningless Functional dependence = The relationship between one column and another Normalization = The process of eliminating redundancy in a table Trivial dependencies = Occur when one column is a subset of another, and normalization eliminates this redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analysis = The first step in creating an ER diagram, during which entities, relationships, and attributes are discovered Logical design = A step in data modeling that progresses through steps of analysis, logical design, and physical design Physical design = A step in data modeling that progresses through steps of analysis, logical design, and physical design Crow's foot notation = Used in ER diagrams to depict cardinality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intangible entity = Documented but not tracked with data in the database Heap tables = Tables with no imposed order on rows Entity types = Sets of things in an ER diagram Relationship types = Sets of related things in an ER diagram</p> Signup and view all the answers