32 Questions
Which type of intercellular chemical signaling involves neurons transmitting signals electrically along their axons and releasing neurotransmitters?
Synaptic signaling
Which type of intercellular chemical signaling involves signals (hormones) that travel long distances and are usually longer lasting?
Endocrine signaling
Which type of intercellular chemical signaling involves cells secreting signaling molecules that bind to their own cell surface or neighboring cells of the same type?
Autocrine signaling
Which type of intercellular chemical signaling involves cell junctions that allow signaling molecules to pass from one cell to another?
Gap Junction signaling
Which class of cell surface receptors is involved in rapid synaptic signaling between nerve cells and other electrically excitable target cells such as muscle cells?
Ion-channel coupled receptors
Which class of cell surface receptors act by indirectly regulating the activity of a separate plasma-membrane-bound target protein, which is generally either an enzyme or an ion channel?
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
Which class of cell surface receptors either function directly as enzymes or associate directly with enzymes that they activate?
Enzyme-coupled receptors
Which protein is required for the insulin receptor to recruit and bind SH2 containing proteins?
IRS
Which signaling pathway is stimulated upon insulin binding its receptor?
Ras/MAPK pathway
Which protein with an SH2 domain is involved in the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway?
GRB2
Which protein is responsible for activating Ras in the Ras/MAPK pathway?
SOS
Which signaling pathway is activated by the activation of phospholipase C-gamma?
None of the above
Which protein is involved in the activation of phospholipase C-gamma?
Receptor protein-tyrosine kinases
Which second messenger is involved in many cellular processes through the activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases?
Ca2+
Which of the following is a characteristic of lipophilic hormones?
They bind to DNA promoter elements in genes
Which of the following is a characteristic of nuclear receptors?
They have three domains: Zinc Finger DNA Binding Domain, Hormone Binding Domain, and Gene Regulatory Domain
Which of the following is a characteristic of Gs signaling pathway?
It activates adenylyl cyclase
Which of the following is a characteristic of Gq signaling pathway?
It cleaves PIP2 into IP3 and DAG
Which of the following is a characteristic of protein kinases?
They are serine/threonine kinases
Which of the following is a characteristic of protein phosphatases?
They remove phosphates from proteins
Which of the following is a characteristic of single transmembrane receptors?
They are single transmembrane polypeptide chains
Which protein is responsible for inhibiting the degradation of b-catenin?
Wnt
What happens to b-catenin in the presence of Wnt?
It accumulates and translocates to the nucleus
Which protein is a key regulator of b-catenin?
APC
Which complex is responsible for phosphorylating b-catenin in the absence of Wnt?
GSK3
What happens to b-catenin in the absence of Wnt?
It is degraded
Which pathway is regulated by the PI3K/AKT pathway?
TSC/mTOR Signaling Pathways
What is the role of AKT in the PI3K/AKT pathway?
Phosphorylates downstream targets
Which diseases/disorders have been linked to abnormal regulation of the mTOR pathway?
All of the above
Which molecule binds to the phosphorylated tyrosine on the receptor and becomes active?
PI 3 Kinase
What molecule does AKT (PKB) phosphorylate after binding to PIP3?
Downstream targets
What is the role of PDK in the PI3K/AKT pathway?
Phosphorylates and activates AKT (PKB)
Test your knowledge on the insulin receptor and its role in signaling pathways with this quiz. Learn about the adaptor proteins IRS, the recruitment of SH2 containing proteins GRB2, and the activation of tyrosine kinase activity upon insulin binding. Explore the three major signaling branches, including the Ras/MAPK and Phospholipase C-gamma pathways. Put your understanding to the test and enhance your understanding of insulin signaling.
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