Insulin Receptor Signaling
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Questions and Answers

Which type of intercellular chemical signaling involves neurons transmitting signals electrically along their axons and releasing neurotransmitters?

  • Paracrine signaling
  • Contact-dependent signaling
  • Synaptic signaling (correct)
  • Endocrine signaling
  • Which type of intercellular chemical signaling involves signals (hormones) that travel long distances and are usually longer lasting?

  • Contact-dependent signaling
  • Endocrine signaling (correct)
  • Synaptic signaling
  • Paracrine signaling
  • Which type of intercellular chemical signaling involves cells secreting signaling molecules that bind to their own cell surface or neighboring cells of the same type?

  • Paracrine signaling
  • Contact-dependent signaling
  • Autocrine signaling (correct)
  • Synaptic signaling
  • Which type of intercellular chemical signaling involves cell junctions that allow signaling molecules to pass from one cell to another?

    <p>Gap Junction signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of cell surface receptors is involved in rapid synaptic signaling between nerve cells and other electrically excitable target cells such as muscle cells?

    <p>Ion-channel coupled receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of cell surface receptors act by indirectly regulating the activity of a separate plasma-membrane-bound target protein, which is generally either an enzyme or an ion channel?

    <p>G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of cell surface receptors either function directly as enzymes or associate directly with enzymes that they activate?

    <p>Enzyme-coupled receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is required for the insulin receptor to recruit and bind SH2 containing proteins?

    <p>IRS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling pathway is stimulated upon insulin binding its receptor?

    <p>Ras/MAPK pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein with an SH2 domain is involved in the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway?

    <p>GRB2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for activating Ras in the Ras/MAPK pathway?

    <p>SOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling pathway is activated by the activation of phospholipase C-gamma?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is involved in the activation of phospholipase C-gamma?

    <p>Receptor protein-tyrosine kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which second messenger is involved in many cellular processes through the activation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinases?

    <p>Ca2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of lipophilic hormones?

    <p>They bind to DNA promoter elements in genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of nuclear receptors?

    <p>They have three domains: Zinc Finger DNA Binding Domain, Hormone Binding Domain, and Gene Regulatory Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Gs signaling pathway?

    <p>It activates adenylyl cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Gq signaling pathway?

    <p>It cleaves PIP2 into IP3 and DAG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of protein kinases?

    <p>They are serine/threonine kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of protein phosphatases?

    <p>They remove phosphates from proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of single transmembrane receptors?

    <p>They are single transmembrane polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for inhibiting the degradation of b-catenin?

    <p>Wnt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to b-catenin in the presence of Wnt?

    <p>It accumulates and translocates to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is a key regulator of b-catenin?

    <p>APC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex is responsible for phosphorylating b-catenin in the absence of Wnt?

    <p>GSK3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to b-catenin in the absence of Wnt?

    <p>It is degraded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is regulated by the PI3K/AKT pathway?

    <p>TSC/mTOR Signaling Pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of AKT in the PI3K/AKT pathway?

    <p>Phosphorylates downstream targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases/disorders have been linked to abnormal regulation of the mTOR pathway?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule binds to the phosphorylated tyrosine on the receptor and becomes active?

    <p>PI 3 Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule does AKT (PKB) phosphorylate after binding to PIP3?

    <p>Downstream targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of PDK in the PI3K/AKT pathway?

    <p>Phosphorylates and activates AKT (PKB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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