Podcast
Questions and Answers
In the genetic modification process for insulin production, what is the primary role of restriction enzymes?
In the genetic modification process for insulin production, what is the primary role of restriction enzymes?
- To amplify the insulin gene within the bacterial cell.
- To join the insulin gene and plasmid DNA together.
- To transport the insulin gene into the bacterial cell.
- To cut both the plasmid DNA and human DNA at specific sequences, creating complementary sticky ends. (correct)
What is the function of DNA ligase in the process of creating recombinant plasmids for insulin production?
What is the function of DNA ligase in the process of creating recombinant plasmids for insulin production?
- Cutting the plasmid DNA to insert the insulin gene.
- Replicating the plasmid DNA inside the bacterial cell.
- Joining the human insulin gene and the cut plasmid DNA to form a stable, circular recombinant plasmid. (correct)
- Protecting the recombinant plasmid from degradation by bacterial enzymes.
Following the creation of a recombinant plasmid containing the insulin gene, what is the next crucial step in producing insulin using genetically modified bacteria?
Following the creation of a recombinant plasmid containing the insulin gene, what is the next crucial step in producing insulin using genetically modified bacteria?
- Analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the recombinant plasmid.
- Directly injecting the recombinant plasmid into patients with diabetes.
- Extracting and purifying the plasmid from human cells.
- Culturing the bacterial cells containing the recombinant plasmid in fermenters to allow insulin production. (correct)
What is the most evident visual difference between Golden Rice and white rice, resulting from genetic modification?
What is the most evident visual difference between Golden Rice and white rice, resulting from genetic modification?
Which of the following is a primary concern regarding the use and consumption of genetically modified (GM) crops?
Which of the following is a primary concern regarding the use and consumption of genetically modified (GM) crops?
Flashcards
Plasmid
Plasmid
A circular DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell.
Restriction Enzymes
Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, creating 'sticky ends'.
DNA Ligase
DNA Ligase
An enzyme that joins DNA fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds.
Recombinant Plasmid
Recombinant Plasmid
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GM Crops
GM Crops
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Study Notes
- The summary outlines the steps involved in producing insulin from genetically modified (GM) bacteria and discusses possible hazards of GM crops
Production of Insulin from GM Bacteria
- Plasmids are extracted from a bacterial cell
- Human DNA, including the insulin gene, is obtained from a human cell and cut using restriction enzymes
- Plasmids are also cut using the same restriction enzymes, creating "sticky ends"
- Human DNA fragments and cut plasmids are mixed and spliced by DNA ligase, forming recombinant plasmids
- Bacterial cells carry the recombinant plasmid
- Bacteria with the recombinant plasmid are cultured in fermenters
- Insulin produced by the GM bacteria is extracted and purified
Golden Rice and Vitamin A Deficiency
- Golden rice is genetically modified to produce the active form of vitamin A after ingestion
- Golden rice grains are yellow due to this modification
- Vitamin A deficiency causes irreversible blindness and death in many children globally
- Golden rice may reduce vitamin A deficiency and its health effects, especially since rice is a staple food for many populations
- Using golden rice is a fast way to improve life quality in impoverished areas, though poverty and food shortage require resolution in the long term
- Golden rice is richer in the precursor to vitamin A than white rice
Potential Hazards of Genetically Modified (GM) Crops
- Genes for herbicide resistance in GM crops could transfer to weed plants via cross-pollination, creating herbicide-resistant "superweeds"
- The likelihood of this is low between different plant species, and cross-pollination can be minimized by blocking pollen production in GM crops while allowing fruit and seed development
- Consuming pest-resistant GM crops raises concerns about harm to human health due to toxins produced by the plants, which kill insects
- Toxins from pest-resistant plants may harm beneficial insects like bees and ladybugs
- GM crops are extensively studied before licensing and consumption
- No evidence shows GM crops harming human health, and most toxins are highly specific to their target pests
- Insects may develop resistance to toxins produced by GM crops, similar to resistance developed with common pesticides
- Growing pest-resistant crops in certain areas of a field alongside non-genetically modified crops can reduce the likelihood of resistance emergence in pest species
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Description
Summary of insulin production from GM bacteria, including plasmid extraction, DNA splicing, and fermentation. Discussion of potential hazards associated with genetically modified (GM) crops like golden rice and concerns about their impact.
