Insulin Preparations and Antidiabetic Drugs Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between rapid-acting and long-acting insulin preparations?

  • Mechanism of action
  • Onset of action
  • Side effects
  • Duration of action (correct)

    • Which class of drugs includes Amylin and Teplizumab-mzmv, and who benefits from taking them?

  • SGLT2 inhibitors; Patients with renal insufficiency
  • Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; Heart failure patients
  • Amylin analogs; Patients with diabetes (correct)
  • Sulfonylureas; Elderly patients

    • What is a common misconception regarding second-generation Sulfonylureas?

  • They do not stimulate insulin release
  • They are associated with fewer side effects
  • They have a different mechanism of action than first-generation agents
  • They have a slow onset of action (correct)

    • How do Biguanides differ from Sulfonylureas in terms of contraindications?

    <p>Biguanides are contraindicated in renal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Lantus® from Tresiba®?

    <p>Duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with Exenatide and Exenatide LAR?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between rapid-acting and short-acting insulin preparations?

    <p>Onset of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class should be avoided in patients with cancer, heart failure, or renal insufficiency?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended course of action under which Canagliflozin should be avoided?

    <p>In patients with type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is associated with a black box warning for cardiovascular risks?

    <p>Pioglitazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sitagliptin differ from Linagliptin in terms of their mechanism of action?

    <p>Sitagliptin inhibits DPP-4 enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin preparation is characterized by a longer duration of action between Lantus® and Tresiba®?

    <p>Tresiba®</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse drug reaction of Alpha glucosidase inhibitors?

    <p>Gastrointestinal disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is common between Sitagliptin and Linagliptin?

    <p>Mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should Canagliflozin be avoided in patients with high cardiovascular risk?

    <p>May worsen cardiovascular outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with Exenatide and Exenatide LAR?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Biguanides from other antidiabetic drugs in terms of administration?

    <p>Can be administered orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs has a primary mechanism of inhibiting sodium-glucose cotransporters to help lower blood glucose levels?

    <p>SGLT2 Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary immune response involved in hypersensitivity reactions to Canagliflozin?

    <p>IgE-mediated immediate-type reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction might involve antibodies creating holes in cell membranes?

    <p>Cytotoxic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is NOT commonly associated with IgE-mediated immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions to Canagliflozin?

    <p>Joint pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction to Canagliflozin can result in inflammation due to antigen-antibody complexes depositing in tissues?

    <p>Immune-complex–mediated reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction might involve tissue damage due to activated T cells attacking specific organs with time delays?

    <p>Delayed-type (cellular) reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction can potentially lead to anaphylaxis after exposure to Canagliflozin?

    <p>IgE-mediated immediate-type reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with IgE-mediated immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions to Canagliflozin?

    <p>Hives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does immune-complex–mediated reactions cause by Canagliflozin?

    <p>Inflammation caused by antigen-antibody complexes depositing in tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of IgE-mediated immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions to Canagliflozin?

    <p>Anaphylaxis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with hypersensitivity reactions to Canagliflozin?

    <p>Swelling (angioedema)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom of hypersensitivity reactions to Canagliflozin may potentially lead to airway obstruction and respiratory distress?

    <p>Swelling (angioedema)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate course of action if a patient experiences mild to moderate hypersensitivity reactions to Canagliflozin?

    <p>Discontinue Canagliflozin and use anti-histamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one preventive measure recommended to minimize the risk of hypersensitivity reactions to Canagliflozin?

    <p>Implement preventive measures during treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the risk of developing maculopapular exanthema due to Canagliflozin according to the meta-analysis?

    <p>It occurs infrequently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In contrast to severe hypersensitivity reactions, what do the studies suggest about nonsevere cutaneous reactions related to Canagliflozin?

    <p>They are less risky than severe reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why monitoring for early indicators of potential hypersensitivity reactions is recommended during Canagliflozin treatment?

    <p>To intervene promptly to prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin provides steady coverage between meals and overnight?

    <p>Intermediate-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes long-acting insulin from other types of insulin preparations?

    <p>Constant background insulin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin is beneficial for managing premeal blood sugars but has limited utility post-meals?

    <p>Short-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is crucial to consider when choosing an appropriate insulin preparation?

    <p>Individual lifestyle requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a long-acting insulin?

    <p>Lantus®</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intermediate-acting insulin?

    <p>Providing steady coverage between meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor determining the choice of appropriate insulin preparation?

    <p>Individual lifestyle requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of insulin is designed to prevent postprandial spikes in blood sugar?

    <p>Rapid-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of short-acting insulin?

    <p>Maintaining consistent control during mealtimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source of insulin is known as 'human insulin'?

    <p>Genetically engineered insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes bioengineered insulins from animal-derived insulins?

    <p>Kinetics and duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin has a faster response time compared to regular human insulin?

    <p>Short-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of long-acting insulin?

    <p>Maintaining basal insulin levels between meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of rapid-acting insulin?

    <p>Peak activity within one hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between short-acting and long-acting insulins?

    <p>'Basal' versus 'mealtime' control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Bioengineered insulins' are synthesized through which method?

    <p>'Genetic engineering'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of amylin due to its ability to slow down stomach emptying?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does amylin's combination with insulin affect blood sugar levels if dosages aren't adjusted appropriately?

    <p>Lead to dangerously low blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of teplizumab-mzmv for individuals with early stage type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Preserving residual C-peptide production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is teplizumab-mzmv only approved for specific populations with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes under strict protocols?

    <p>Because of the need for close monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the mechanism of action of amylin from teplizumab-mzmv in managing type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Amylin targets CD3 T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way in which Amylin helps regulate postprandial glucose metabolism?

    <p>By increasing gastric emptying rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do type 1 diabetics not produce enough amylin naturally?

    <p>Because their beta cells are destroyed by an autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible benefit of synthetic forms of amylin for type 1 diabetics?

    <p>Prevention of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential adverse effect associated with the use of amylin?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Teplizumab-mzmv makes it a potential treatment option for type 1 diabetes?

    <p>It has a unique mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect associated with second-generation sulfonylureas?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes glimepiride and gliclazide suitable for elderly patients?

    <p>Favorable pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one rare but serious complication linked to sulfonylureas that elderly patients need to be monitored for?

    <p>Stevens-Johnson syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse event should healthcare professionals prioritize monitoring in elderly patients treated with second-generation sulfonylureas?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes second-generation sulfonylureas a valuable tool in managing type 2 diabetes?

    <p>They enhance insulin secretion in response to elevated blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do second-generation sulfonylureas primarily lower blood glucose levels?

    <p>By stimulating pancreatic beta cells to secrete insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with second-generation sulfonylureas?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consideration when prescribing second-generation sulfonylureas for older adults?

    <p>Reduced incidence of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of second-generation sulfonylureas?

    <p>Stimulating pancreatic beta cells to release insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable adverse drug reaction associated with second-generation sulfonylureas?

    <p>Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk factor for developing lactic acidosis associated with Metformin use?

    <p>Impaired kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease, what should be considered if creatinine clearance drops between 30–59 ml/min?

    <p>Switching to a different antidiabetic medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition would contraindicate the use of Metformin?

    <p>Recent myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Cimetidine interact with Metformin, potentially affecting its pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Increasing serum concentrations of Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction can lead to excessive hypoglycemic episodes when combined with Metformin?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients consult healthcare providers about when it comes to administering Lantus and Tresiba?

    <p>Proper Injection Techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is highlighted as a less common effect associated with Tresiba usage?

    <p>Injection Site Reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk associated with both Lantus and Tresiba in terms of cost?

    <p>Geographic price variations for Tresiba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect shared by both Lantus and Tresiba?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are Lantus and Tresiba typically administered to patients?

    <p>Subcutaneous Injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Exenatide LAR in terms of dosing compared to short-acting exenatide?

    <p>Necessitates fewer weekly doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with both Exenatide and Exenatide LAR?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rare hypersensitivity reaction has been noted with Exenatide LAR?

    <p>Angioedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a black box warning for Exenatide LAR regarding potential risks?

    <p>Thyroid C cell tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should Exenatide LAR be injected?

    <p>Once every week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of Exenatide LAR over the original exenatide product?

    <p>Decreased risk of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which local reaction is frequently observed with both Exenatide and Exenatide LAR?

    <p>Swelling at the injection site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature does Exenatide LAR share with short-acting exenatide in terms of plasma concentrations?

    <p>Sustained release over two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of Exenatide?

    <p>Acts similarly to GLP-1 by boosting insulin production and inhibiting glucagon release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with Exenatide?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is highlighted in the black box warning for Exenatide products?

    <p>Risk of pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Exenatide LAR differ from Exenatide in terms of administration frequency?

    <p>Exenatide LAR is taken once daily, while Exenatide is taken twice daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse reaction associated with Exenatide LAR that requires immediate medical attention?

    <p>Acute pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does Exenatide LAR act when administered externally?

    <p>Acts similarly to GLP-1 in promoting healthy glycemia management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the black box warning of Exenatide from Exenatide LAR?

    <p>Increased risk of pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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