Insulin Delivery Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of insulin secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans?

Promoting the breakdown of glucose by muscle, fat, and liver cells

Increasing the blood glucose level by inhibiting the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle, fat, and liver cells

Lowering the blood glucose level by facilitating the uptake and utilization of glucose by muscle, fat, and liver cells (correct)

Regulating the production of glucose by muscle, fat, and liver cells

Why is exogenous insulin necessary for individuals with type 1 diabetes?

Because the body produces excessive insulin

Because the body becomes resistant to insulin

Because the insulin secreted is ineffective

Because the body loses the ability to produce insulin (correct)

In what circumstances might insulin be necessary for individuals with type 2 diabetes?

When the body becomes resistant to insulin

When the body produces excessive insulin

When meal planning and oral agents are ineffective or when insulin deficiency occurs (correct)

When the insulin secreted is ineffective

Why might some patients with type 2 diabetes who are usually controlled by meal planning alone require insulin temporarily?

During illness, infection, pregnancy, surgery, or some other stressful event Signup and view all the answers

Why are accurate monitoring of blood glucose levels and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) essential for insulin therapy?

Because the insulin dose required by the individual patient is determined by the level of glucose in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main characteristics according to which insulin preparations vary?

Time course of action, species (source), and manufacturer Signup and view all the answers

Where should prefilled syringes be stored to prevent needle clogging?

Stored upright Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method to prevent vacuum formation and ease withdrawal of insulin from the bottle?

Injecting air into the insulin bottle Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin injection site is recommended to be systematically rotated to prevent localized changes in fatty tissue?

Abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is the prototype for type 1 diabetes and is also used in type 2 diabetes, stress, chronic pancreatitis, surgery, and pregnancy?

Regular insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insulin has a rapid onset and short duration of action, including insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine?

Rapid-acting insulins Signup and view all the answers

What is Afrezza, an inhaled regular insulin analog, associated with a BLACK BOX WARNING for?

Acute bronchospasm in patients with chronic lung disease Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insulin has a rapid onset and shorter duration, requiring patients to eat no more than 5 to 15 minutes after injection?

Rapid-acting insulin Signup and view all the answers

What type of insulin may not need to be taken before a meal if taken alone and appears uniformly milky and cloudy?

NPH insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insulin is absorbed slowly over 24 hours and can be given once a day?

Long-acting insulin Signup and view all the answers

When do local allergic reactions at the injection site typically appear after insulin administration?

1 to 2 hours Signup and view all the answers

What type of insulin is administered at the same time each day and cannot be mixed with other insulins due to the risk of precipitation?

Basal insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insulin covers the increase in glucose levels after meals?

Rapid-acting insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended insulin storage guideline?

Refrigeration for unused vials, avoiding extreme temperatures, and gently mixing cloudy insulins Signup and view all the answers

What is the insulin concentration for U-100 syringes?

100 units per milliliter Signup and view all the answers

How are rapid- or short-acting insulins mixed with longer-acting insulins?

They are usually mixed together in the same syringe after thorough mixing Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended preparation when mixing insulins?

Drawing regular insulin up first when mixing Signup and view all the answers

For whom may prefilled syringes prepared by home health nurses or family and friends be suitable?

Patients having difficulty mixing insulins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a 3-week supply of insulin syringes in preparation and administration?

Prepared and refrigerated, then warmed to room temperature before administration Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin delivery method mimics the functions of a healthy pancreas by adjusting insulin delivery based on basal insulin every 5 minutes?

Insulin pumps Signup and view all the answers

What is the dawn phenomenon associated with in patients with type 1 diabetes?

Morning hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin delivery method is convenient for patients who need to inject only one type of insulin at a time or who have impaired manual dexterity, vision, or cognitive function?

Insulin pens Signup and view all the answers

What must candidates for insulin pumps be willing to do multiple times daily?

Assess their blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

What potential disadvantage is associated with insulin pumps?

Disruptions in insulin flow Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial to minimize the risk of disruptions in insulin flow and hypoglycemia?

Effective education Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diabetes Management and Insulin Delivery Methods

The dawn phenomenon involves a rise in blood glucose levels around 3 AM due to nocturnal surges in growth hormone secretion, creating a greater need for insulin in the early morning hours in patients with type 1 diabetes.
It must be distinguished from insulin waning and the Somogyi effect, which are different causes of morning hyperglycemia.
Insulin delivery methods include traditional subcutaneous injections, insulin pens, jet injectors, and insulin pumps, each with specific advantages and considerations.
Insulin pens use prefilled insulin cartridges and are convenient for patients who need to inject only one type of insulin at a time or who have impaired manual dexterity, vision, or cognitive function.
Jet injectors deliver insulin through the skin under pressure and may have different absorption rates, peak insulin activity, and insulin levels compared to traditional injections.
Insulin pumps provide continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, mimicking the functions of a healthy pancreas by adjusting insulin delivery based on basal insulin every 5 minutes.
Insulin pumps offer flexibility in meal timing and content, but there are potential disadvantages such as disruptions in insulin flow, infection at insertion sites, and increased risk of hypoglycemia unawareness.
Candidates for insulin pumps must be willing to assess their blood glucose levels several times daily and have extensive education in self-management of blood glucose and insulin doses.
Insulin pumps can be disconnected for limited periods, such as for showering, exercise, swimming, or sexual activity, and require psychological stability and comfort with diabetes.
Effective education is crucial to minimize the risk of disruptions in insulin flow and hypoglycemia.
Insulin pump users must work closely with a healthcare provider and be willing to have a visible sign of diabetes, serving as a constant reminder of their condition.
Overall, the choice of insulin delivery method should consider patient preferences, lifestyle, and the need for effective diabetes management.

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Description

Test your knowledge of diabetes management and insulin delivery methods with this quiz. Explore topics such as the dawn phenomenon, insulin pens, jet injectors, and insulin pumps, along with their advantages, considerations, and potential disadvantages. Gain insights into the factors to consider when choosing an insulin delivery method and the importance of effective education and close collaboration with healthcare providers for successful diabetes management.