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Questions and Answers
B-cellpancreas,
Primary hormone
for dec of plasma
glucose
B-cellpancreas, Primary hormone for dec of plasma glucose
Alpha-cellpancreas
Primary hormone
for inc of plasma
glucose
Alpha-cellpancreas Primary hormone for inc of plasma glucose
Adrenal
medulla
Released during
times of physical
& emotional
stress; increases
plasma glucose
Adrenal medulla Released during times of physical & emotional stress; increases plasma glucose
Adrenal
cortex in
response to
ACTH Increases plasma
glucose
Adrenal cortex in response to ACTH Increases plasma glucose
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Ant. Pituitary
gland
Increases plasma
glucose
Increases plasma glucose
by decreasing the entry
of glucose into the cells
and by increasing
glycolysis
Ant. Pituitary gland
Increases plasma glucose
Increases plasma glucose by decreasing the entry of glucose into the cells and by increasing glycolysis
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Thyroid gland
Increases plasma
glucose
Increases glycogenolysis,
gluconeogenesis, and
intestinal absorption of
glucose
Thyroid gland Increases plasma glucose
Increases glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and intestinal absorption of glucose
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Delta cellpancreas
Increases plasma
glucose
Inhibition of insulin,
glucagon, growth
hormone and other
endocrine hormones
Delta cellpancreas
Increases plasma glucose
Inhibition of insulin, glucagon, growth hormone and other endocrine hormones
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What is the primary fate of ingested carbohydrate polymers?
What is the primary fate of ingested carbohydrate polymers?
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What is the site of glucose absorption from the diet?
What is the site of glucose absorption from the diet?
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What is the role of salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase?
What is the role of salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase?
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What is the byproduct of the hydrolysis of disaccharides by enzymes like maltase, sucrose, or lactase?
What is the byproduct of the hydrolysis of disaccharides by enzymes like maltase, sucrose, or lactase?
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What can glucose be used for in the body?
What can glucose be used for in the body?
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increase glycogenesis and glycolysis: glucose - glycogen - pyruvate - acetyl coa increase lipogenesis
increase glycogenesis and glycolysis: glucose - glycogen - pyruvate - acetyl coa increase lipogenesis
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increase glycogenolysis: glycogen - glucose
increase gluconeogenesis: fatty acids - acetyl coa - ketone proteins - amino acids
increase glycogenolysis: glycogen - glucose
increase gluconeogenesis: fatty acids - acetyl coa - ketone proteins - amino acids
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What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
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What is the result of high sugar levels in the blood?
What is the result of high sugar levels in the blood?
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Which hormone is produced by the A-cells of the pancreas?
Which hormone is produced by the A-cells of the pancreas?
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What is the primary source of energy for cells when glucose is present in the circulation?
What is the primary source of energy for cells when glucose is present in the circulation?
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What is the consequence of unabsorbed glucose in the circulation?
What is the consequence of unabsorbed glucose in the circulation?
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Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
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What is the function of epinephrine during physical and emotional stress?
What is the function of epinephrine during physical and emotional stress?
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Which hormone is produced in the adrenal cortex?
Which hormone is produced in the adrenal cortex?
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What is the effect of cortisol on protein stores during stressful conditions?
What is the effect of cortisol on protein stores during stressful conditions?
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Which gland secretes growth hormone?
Which gland secretes growth hormone?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
- Polymers of carbohydrates are ingested
- Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase convert ingested carbohydrates to dextrins and disaccharides
- Further hydrolysis by maltase, sucrose, or lactase in the intestine converts disaccharides to glucose and galactose
- Glucose is absorbed in the small intestine and transported to the liver
Glucose Metabolism
- Glucose can be directly used for energy
- Glucose can be stored as glycogen
Insulin and Glucagon
- Insulin is a hormone produced by the B-cells of the pancreas, located in the middle portion.
- Insulin regulates glucose metabolism, allowing cells to derive energy from glucose.
- Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, reducing its circulation in the blood.
- When glucose is not absorbed by cells, it accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
- Prolonged hyperglycemia can lead to Diabetes mellitus.
Glucagon
- Glucagon is a hormone produced by the A-cells of the pancreas, located in the side portion.
- A-cells primarily increase plasma glucose concentrations.
- Glucagon has an opposing effect to insulin, increasing glucose levels in the bloodstream.
Adrenal Glands
- Located at the top of the kidney
- Produce epinephrine (secreted by chromatin cells in the adrenal medulla)
Epinephrine
- A catecholamine hormone
- Released in response to physical and emotional stress
- Triggers a “fight-and-flight” reaction
- Increases plasma glucose levels
Cortisol
- Produced in the adrenal cortex
- Released by spongiocytes in the zona fasciculata
- Provides glucose to the body during stressful conditions
- Taps into protein stores through “gluconeogenesis” in the liver
Growth Hormone
- Secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
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Description
This quiz covers the role of B-cells in the pancreas, specifically in regulating plasma glucose levels by producing insulin.
